The Placebo Effect


One of the things that should be taken into account in the evaluation of audio equipment, tweaks, etc is the Placebo Effect.

In the medical world, Placebos (open label or concealed) appear to mostly work on subjective symptoms, such as pain. They don’t work on an objective symptom — something a doctor could see or diagnose, such as a fracture on a bone. Placebos don’t shrink tumors, they don’t change your diabetes, and they’re not going to actually lower your blood pressure for more than 15 minutes, Basically, placebos appear to work on things that pass through the brain’s perceptual systems — where they can prompt the release of opioids and other endorphins (chemicals that reduce pain) in the brain. Bottom line, placebos can result in perceived improvement even where no actual improvement exists.

The same applies to our hobby. Probably too often, we sense improvement in SQ because of the Placebo Effect. Our money spent, hardware bias's, effective marketing, or being influenced by the experience of others (regardless if true), often have us believe that we have obtained improvements that don't really exist. This is not necessarily a bad thing because a perceived improvement, whether real or imagined is still an improvement to the listener. This may explain part of why certain "improvements" can't be measured. 

J.Chip
128x128jchiappinelli
sugarbooger (and I thought MY moniker was odd 😊), if you were read my post carefully you’d note that I wrote nothing about the quality of tuners, or the improvements that have been made in recent years; I assure you that I know all about it. While my instrument is not piano, I have been in the presence of professional piano tuners while they do their thing literally hundreds of times over the years and I have spoken to a several. Not one relies entirely on the tuner without making final adjustments by ear in order for the instrument to sound correct. That was my point and only point. Again, as I wrote previously and as always, when it comes to musical matters the trained human ear is more sensitive than any electronic device.
@sugabooger....*L* They'd say you need an Rx for whatever 'it' may be....at least ITho, and book you for a week later for the hour....

It's not that you're 'interesting', mind you....gotta pay for the Benz... ;)

There are tuners: Great ones, and the not so.  The latter are not bad, mind one, but....not prone to subtle.

Much like the mech that can hear an F1 slot car or GP bike a half mile away...
...and Know what's Wrong.

I don't doubt that among us and elsewhere, there are those that have that in their ears and mind.
The rest of us fill in the spectrum...pick your place. *s* ;)

@twoleftears ....*S* Thanks for the Voltaire....and what's old is still considered 'new', and hard to find in the original printing. *L*  But the suggestion lead me to:

https://www.brainpickings.org/

...which is a better waste of network time....than even here. *G* 

Frogman, modern tuners are much more sophisticated than what you describe. They have been for 10 or more years. They are not perfect, but they are very good. Like any tool they are more effective in the hands of a skilled used.

I would provide a more detailed response, but I need to work on accounting. Given I have to use pen and paper, it will take me a long time. I would use a calculator or spreadsheet but that would be a tell. A tell of what I have no idea. I wonder what psychologists would say about that.
Notice how the objectivists are compelled (almost religiously) to resort to electronic aids as being essential to any endeavor regarding stereo playback? The shrinks would call that a tell.

All the best,
Nonoise
“Assist” is the operative word. The electronic tuner is used primarily as a reference; usually in order tune middle C and then the middle octave. This becomes your reference. After that the technician’s ears come into play. If one relies entirely on what the electronic tuner tells you, the result will be a piano that sounds out of tune. Octaves in particular are impossible to make sound right with an electronic tuner and adjustments must be made by ear. Humans tend to hear low pitches higher than they actually are and high pitches lower than they actually are in reflexive attempt by the brain and to try and bring what we hear within the range of the human voice; so, fine adjustments must be made by ear. No electronic device can do what the trained human ear can do.
"No great pianist will use a mechanical tuning...."


Perhaps I was not clear with my post. Almost all piano tuners who tune concert pianos, pianos used by the best pianists in the world, use electronic tuners to assist in their work. Almost no great pianist today will accept the variability of tuning based on human error.
then the first thing they will pull out is a modern electronic tuning device.
Absolutely, I have a couple electronic tuners, one for my guitar one for my dulcimer. 
It is 2021 Gentlemen,

When the piano tuner shows up, especially if they are near the top of their game and called on to tune concert pianos, then the first thing they will pull out is a modern electronic tuning device. Humans are too inconsistent, and too slow to be trusted to tune the most critical instruments.
The main point in the debate is not what A.I. could do for you..... But what can you do without it....

A piano tuner can discuss with the demand of the pianist in a way a computer specialized tuner cannot....

Save if the electronically tuning piano computer is coupled to an ACOUSTICAL A.I. analyser able to analyse the sound of this specific piano for this specific hall or room....

No great pianist will use a mechanical tuning....

But perhaps they will use the A. I. i just described....

But ask yourself a question : what will become of humans if they BELIEVE that A. I. are more intelligent than them ?


By the way i dont believe that a.I. are more "intelligent" than us in a general way of speaking one second...

Giulio Tononi one of the great neuroscentist point out that the scale of "intelligence" intersect the scale of consciouness but they do not confuse in one another...

Then it is easy to predict the future like did Ray Kurzweil with is "singularity" myth...

This myth is very potent and A.I will be very "intelligent"....

Then the question is : what are we?

 By the way i dont live in this 2021 year you speak about....Time is very overvalued... 😊




It is 2021 Gentlemen,

When the piano tuner shows up, especially if they are near the top of their game and called on to tune concert pianos, then the first thing they will pull out is a modern electronic tuning device. Humans are too inconsistent, and too slow to be trusted to tune the most critical instruments.
Mahgister, I am a realist, you are a mysticist and that is why Howard Johnson’s made 28 flavors.
I cannot contradict you here....

But even if you are right and you are about our 2 characters, acoustic is acoustic and all my points made sense....

By the way a good mystic MUST  also be a realist but the inverse is less frequent...

My deepest regards....
Mahgister, I am a realist, you are a mysticist and that is why Howard Johnson's made 28 flavors. 
The placebo effect is definitely a thing and it most definitely applies to a lot of the decision making applied to high end audio.
Every perception is constituted by the brain with habit and bias, with an history, with fear and hope, then placebo is creative part of any perception...

But those who oppose placebo effect to explain any audible experience in audio remind me of those who explain walking by the different types of shoes, sandals,boots..... Hearing is not placebo mainly, and walking is not shoes mainly ...

But nobody walk the same in big boot and loose sandal....

Nobody hear the same looking at a 100000 bucks system and before a 1000 bucks one... Same Ears not the same hearing.... Same feet but not the same walking... placebo and look and style count for much in the 2 cases.... 😊😁

Then opposing placebo against any audible experience is not even wrong.... Most of the times it is simply beside the point...

It is only a weapon for the children in the "skeptic scientism boy club" to use against audiophiles....it explain nothing most of the times save very small borderline audible difference....

You cannot create a top audio experience or experiment with placebo effect ONLY.....Save if you use market hypnosis method for sure but it is another story.... I never bought upgrade anyway.... I prefer homemade embeddings controls....


My best to you....
Mahgister, the first thing a piano tuner pulls out is a tuning fork. The tuning fork is his reference and yes, from there the rest is by ear.

The room is tuned unlike the piano with the feedback of a large bandwith  MARKED OUT by asymmetrical  Helmholtz resonators near the tweeter and bass driver  and coming from tweeters of one speaker and bass driver of the other speaker to marked out each wavefront for each ear respectively.... This relatively large bandwith is not a frequency tone like with a fork but a PITCH PLAYING TIMBRE when music play for my ears.....


Perhaps the problem we have is that we have no reference to compare our systems to and never will. What does a band sound like in your living room?
I do know how a guitar a piano or a voice must sound like.... If you get this right the rest comes like beads on a string....Aynway we cannot have perfection but an optimal reasult is very possible... I did it...

An image in our brains, a quasi electrical event which varies from one of us to the next and changes based on the emotional state of that individual. I have noticed in myself that the same system can sound different based on god knows what, my emotional state maybe?
I lived through the same experience than you but in the period of  time BEFORE my system was optimally set.... I go from a mood swing where things were upgraded and i was pleased, but nothing being optimal, i depressed again, and the cycles goes on... TILL an optimal S.Q. was reached with the audio system limitations i own....
Now i am not depressed at all dor many months because i have reach the optimal limit of my system using acoustic....

i had  controlled for the better ALL acoustic features till they are in place like a puzzles pieces fitting together... It is fun and ask only for listening experiments....

 After working for hours everything just sounded worse. I had to put it away, give myself a break. After three weeks and another $500 I think I can get back to enjoying music again. But, true audiophiles are never happy with their systems because in their imagination they can always sound better.
It is not imagination that play games on you, it is acoustic problem: How to create a natural timbre experience, a very precise imaging, a large soundstage, a listener envelopment experience coupled with good sound width ?

I will never try that playing with a set of frequencies on a computer to adjust all these factors one frequency at a times and in a linear way... It is impossible task for most ears if not all...

Like i said electronic equalization is useful to fine tune the speakers in relation to the room, but i will try it now AFTER my room is already optimally passively treated and activelly controlled.... Now if i use the electronic equalizer i dont doubt that my relation speakers/room will be upgraded a bit...And i will only have to correct my resonators after that to adjust to the new situation....

But the huge improvement cannot come from an electronic equalizer  it is only the cherry on the cake, it is not and could not be the acoustical cake.... Simple: two ears feedback  dont work like a SINGLE  microphone feedback....

 I apologize for my rude answers sometimes...

No personal grunt against you....


 My best to you....
Don’t believe a word of it, mahgister. I had a piano one time and when the tuner came the first thing he pulled out was a sandwich. His little tool box opened up to reveal a tray, with fresh lettuce, tomato, sliced dill pickles, salt and pepper. As he carefully added each ingredient and neatly sliced the sandwich into perfect little wedges he told me you know, you can never really tune a piano, but you can tuna sandwich.
The placebo effect is definitely a thing and it most definitely applies to a lot of the decision making applied to high end audio. If you think it sounds better, then it simply must be better. 

Since so much audio is about subjective perception, I don’t know that the placebo effect is a negative when brought to bear here.
Mahgister, the first thing a piano tuner pulls out is a tuning fork. The tuning fork is his reference and yes, from there the rest is by ear.

Perhaps the problem we have is that we have no reference to compare our systems to and never will. What does a band sound like in your living room? Are you even interested in that? I would think most of us would be more interested in "hearing" the venue the band was at. There are obviously systems that seem to sound more realistic and if we were listening as a group to such a system I would bet we would all agree that it was a fine sounding rig. Based of what? It seems what we usually want to "hear" coming out of a system is quite surrealistic and based on what we expect in our imaginations to "hear." Imagination. An image in our brains, a quasi electrical event which varies from one of us to the next and changes based on the emotional state of that individual. I have noticed in myself that the same system can sound different based on god knows what, my emotional state maybe? I certainly do not seem to have expectation bias. I just hooked up a brand new set of speakers and was very disappointed.  After working for hours everything just sounded worse. I had to put it away, give myself a break. After three weeks and another $500 I think I can get back to enjoying music again. But, true audiophiles are never happy with their systems because in their imagination they can always sound better. 
Is any person on this thread a scientist/clinician who has actually conducted clinical trials in which the placebo arm impacted participants? Placebo effects:
  • Can act on so-called "objective" clinical measurements;
  • Do not only last 15 minutes - that is nonsense;
  • There is no evidence of a placebo effect in human studies where the participants are evaluating audio systems
The only reasonable insight that I read here is that we do not know a great deal about the human brain, only that the auditory system of an individual listener is the most important variable in judging audio "quality." No objective measurements can control for this variability.
-Prof. Higgins, Ph.D., M.D.
There is also what I call The Inurement Effect:  WE get used to what sound the best about our system, learn to concentrate on that, and repress the bad parts  I think that anyone who has more than one good system experiences this.  Yes, parts burn in, but our Inurement is responsable for a lot of our getting used to the sound as it starts sounding better to us.  Switching systems demonstrates this.  For examle, for having a remote, I used a Rotel preamp/tuner for my TV system, along with some older B&W speakers and a Bryston amp.  The preamp sounded so bad to me, I thought about returning it, but since I had paid $15 plus $15 shipping for a surprise bid win, I kept it.  It sucks, but started to sound OK, so I replaced it with a spare Audire, without a remote, and I have learned to enjoy it. despite that fact that it is the entry level model.  The Rotel now controls an old Adcom amp. that I did not like, but now enjoy my third system (Also TV with older B&W's), with very little time needed to adjust my ears and brain.
I remember when my subscription copy of Stereo Review, December 1987(?) came in the mail. It had an article called Do All Amplifiers Sound the Same?*. So the argument has been going on at least that long. In other words, it's not going away any time soon. Firm convictions are impossible or hard to break, as shown by the creationism vs. evolution debate.

https://web.archive.org/web/20060313071857/http://bruce.coppola.name/audio/Amp_Sound.pdf
@asvjerry  You should read Voltaire's "Micromegas": there is nothing new under (or over) the sun.
glupson.....objectivity?  Here?!

When the Animal House roach-smoking atom under fingernail link came up, I fell out.....damn quantum universe......too much too many variables to consider...

....and then you throw humans into it.

*sheesh* ;)
A few weeks later our repair tech notified us that he was replacing the circuit board in the unit, as it switched between the "A" and "B" lamps, but was only playing the amp connected to the "A" input, and that this was the case from the time the unit was installed.

<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>

You could have IF no one ever turned up the volume..

The switch scenario doesn’t work, different remotes and different volume pots, EVEN if they didn’t have remotes...

Sorry your wire swapper (wasn’t a tech) guy was blowing smoke.. Really..

Another hero at work.. seen a million of them... Let me guess he thought ALL cables sound the same..

Why not all amps do.. Funny guy..

Regards
"...wholly illiterate television (passive unthinking observation and taking in of things) of objectivity..."

What on Earth is illiterate television of objectivity?

The only thing I could figure out is that such a television started engineering in 1700s and that is why Germany still has the best technical schools in the world. Or is it that Bavaria has the best technical schools in Germany because they started it?

In any case, I desperately hope for an objective answer.
this fundamental point about the animal origins and coloration of all possible avenues of conscious thought, is what gave the renaissance men of the early 1700’s the great idea of creating the vocational slot of engineering.

where rote training methods came into being along with formalized academia in all that... and poof!...engineering came into being (over some 20-40 years).

This is the only way they found they could create an army of useful people out of the complexities that physics was unfolding to them. As the bulk of humanity wasn’t going to be getting into the weeds of the objectivity/subjectivity problem --any time soon. Literally not wired for it. Such folks invariably have no idea what the question of consciousness means, and generally have to look it up in a book ....and then make a mess out of the analysis anyway.



The separation and after that the content assigned to be "objective" and the content assigned to be "subjective" is the result in the history of consciousness of a distantiation from the cosmos, a less inclusive animal participation to the cosmos...

What human called objective reality is a designed and very PLASTIC successful construction....

Like the web designed by a spider...BUT the spider know that his web is ONLY a design to catch something ; human dont know like the spider, his design is so powerful compared to the spider one that it can erase its own participation in the cosmos and made it completely unconscious or forgotten....

What transhumanist cultist called A.I. and virtual reality would be the manifestation of a complete forgetfullness of human origin and destiny....Dont call me luddite , i am not against technology at all here...

Men could become a spider enveloped by his web and unable to walk and even think....

This will ressemble to the cocoon caterpillar BUT with never any possible metamorphose nor actual transformation... Momification of human life and intelligence in a static artefact that some deluded men will call the greatest human achievement....Evolution replaced by death...Love replaced by the illusion of power.... The fear of death illusion by a greatest deception : an artificial immortality....

Nothing qualified to be objective/ subjective exist which does not come out first of consciousness...The distinction itself come to being from an evolution and emergence of the conscious thought process and the separation implicated by this distinction could erase the power of thought itself so powerful this creation and design is when let unsupervised and to itself.......

Science is not technology....Religion is not magic.... Rationality could become irrational, and all that are not by themselves and separately conscious spirituality...

We are at a fork-road of destiny....

I do not know who engender and beget humanity anyway, but i know that after these symbolic 9 months with are millions years, humanity  gives birth to itself or not, NOW....
In 1978-79 I worked at an audio dealer who had an "electronic" switching system, so one could A/B not only speakers, but amps, preamps, CD players, etc.

One day I setup a customer to A/B a McIntosh MC2205 (solid state amp)  and a Luxman LRS (tube amp) and he spent a LOT of time switching back and forth, seeing the lights on the display change from "A" to "B".  After over an hour doing his comparisons, he told me at length how he perceived the differences between the amps and purchased the Luxman.

A few weeks later our repair tech notified us that he was replacing the circuit board in the unit, as it switched between the "A" and "B" lamps, but was only playing the amp connected to the "A" input, and that this was the case from the time the unit was installed.
Ok, phew… One of the biggest challenges in all human thought is that we understand there is some kind of objective reality and that we can, in most cases, consistently measure it; and there’s also the subjective experience of that objective reality that our physical bodies construct, our consciousness experiences, and is very similar but not exactly the same from person to person.

Much of the history of philosophy and science is about trying to determine “where is the line” between the objective and the subjective. In fact, it’s safe to argue wars have been fought over this divide. Consider this thread! Thus the philosophical and scientific fields of Philosophy of Mind, Neuroscience and Behaviorism, and all that flows from them.


ah no. we can’t prove the existence of objective reality. there is no mechanism for that. the only thing that logic can prove or provide.. is that subjective reality is the core of all experience or observation by the observer.

And it can go no further.

thankfully, that’s a good thing. as we can’t advance if objectivity is in charge, due to the how the human mind works.

It gets into negative proofing and similar mindsets and tries to make itself safe and in the know of things..and puts dogmatism in charge. it’s why religion worked so well as the standard-bearer for so many thousands of years. It’s the monkey origins of the underlying mechanism of self realization or self reflection. Religion loves dogmatism and objective reality, as it goes circular really really fast (due to expressive limits in the face of unknowns) and is useful for fencing people in. Stop human thought today! be wholly objective in all analysis! Meet your own ass today!

Objectivity is an exercise in logic, nothing more. Properly handled it can be safe and very very useful in the progress of humanity. Improperly handled, it kills all around it.

this fundamental point about the animal origins and coloration of all possible avenues of conscious thought, is what gave the renaissance men of the early 1700’s the great idea of creating the vocational slot of engineering.

where rote training methods came into being along with formalized academia in all that... and poof!...engineering came into being (over some 20-40 years).

This is the only way they found they could create an army of useful people out of the complexities that physics was unfolding to them. As the bulk of humanity wasn’t going to be getting into the weeds of the objectivity/subjectivity problem --any time soon. Literally not wired for it. Such folks invariably have no idea what the question of consciousness means, and generally have to look it up in a book ....and then make a mess out of the analysis anyway.

So the renaissance folks of the time... understanding that there is no feasible group mind fix/change/repair (or an individual one outside of one-on-one Buddhism, etc), licked humanity’s mind and brain... and stuck it to the wholly illiterate television (passive unthinking observation and taking in of things) of objectivity - in a way that made these mindsets useful in building out the modern world.

Seriously. That’s how engineering came to be. In Bavaria. by the mid-late 1700’s it was pretty well functional and formalized and worked so well that the rest of the western world adopted it.

this is why Germany still has the best technical schools. They started the whole thing.

It’s also why a negative proofing objective engineering mindset has no place whatsoever in any science discussion unless they take their mindset and invert it and mentally move to proper science, and stay away from dogmatic texts that try to dictate reality to the art of scientific exploration.

As that act, that set of demands, that mindset norm of the vocation of engineering, is literally anti-science. All those scientific laws in engineering don’t exist in actual functional science. Science has only theories and relies on the observer as the fundamental, in order to take humanity forward.

Where OF COURSE this is not the entire package. Dissing it and picking what I say apart to try and dwell on some small nit and trying to blow it up into something bigger.. as some sort of method of disarming the discourse...is merely an act of desperation.

I await the retorts of objective desperation. For they will come, no doubt.
Nobody tune a piano with placebo effect....the tuning is a series of small incremental additive changes...
Beautifully said. No need to discuss this any further.

All the best,
Nonoise

Nobody tune a piano with placebo effect....the tuning is a series of small incremental additive changes...

I have tuned my room in hundreds of change in a 2 months period and explaining everything with placebo is only possible by those who dont have developed any hearing experiments to help them...

They are like a boat without a rudder? Am i here or there? Why the ocean currents put me here and not there? Where did i travel ? Is my destination an illusion?

And because they are lost in the sea they think all boats they crossed are without rudder....

We are all susceptible to be lost at sea but not always without a compass, mine is acoustic control , control of vibration and control of the noise floor electrical level...No unreal change can fool you and stay long beside the real changes.... The two types of change exist at different level of existence and magnitude...

But changing arbitrarily what we think is a bad piece of gear and UPGRADING it, is often an illusion and a placebo effect at work.... Especially if we dont know how to embed our system in machanical, electrical and acoustical dimensions by ourself....When we are not ourself at the SOURCE of the change experimenting, we fool ourself with ready made costly sometimes illusory placebo change...

Stay away from cables or fuses upgrades especially in the first 7 years of your listening experiments.... 😁😊 They can induce the disease: placeno effect and chasing the tail or worst the moon...

Real change dont need test.... Because when the listener ITSELF is changed this is real most of the times.... When the listener interrogate himself this is unreal....He is not changed at all at this time but look and EXPECT for an external change that is unable and powerless to change him first, than  this change is unable to exist by itself....

When the change is real, the sound affect the body by emotion and objective EXPLANABLE cause most of the times, coming from basic science; when it is an unreal change it trick the mind to doubt but is unable to fool the body.... It is the reason why most people upgrade without satisfaction.... They dont know where they go.....Listen not the ears of your mind, but to the body ears.... Experiment....Being in active experiment is very different than being a passive consumers....This is the way to determine how to learn where you must go.... Acoustic basic science can help here and could guide us...


Then, save for exceptional experiment unexplanable but very rare in usual audio life , appealing to unknown science fact is often illusory.... Most change are explanable....But not all for sure.... But the main one are simple based science fact.... Easy to verify....The unexplainable also exist and it is very stupid to think that none exist...It is very simple to EXPERIMENT....At no cost....


So: Yes, some reported improvements from cables, fuses, vibration dampeners and such are likely placebo effects
Which can be verified.


And yes, some reported improvements are likely truly heard and experienced as real, permanent change by the listener.


Which could also be verified using the same procedure used to verify the former.

To argue we haven't reached the limits of scientific discovery is far fetched in the context of the placebo effect. We aren't measuring the device but the perceived human response. 
First, I have to get MC’s last sentence out of my system because I can’t stop laughing long enough to type:

“The important thing when pretending to be a serious audiophile is to overthink everything, preferably to the point your thinking becomes indistinguishable from mindlessness.”

Bahahaha! Love that guy.

Ok, phew… One of the biggest challenges in all human thought is that we understand there is some kind of objective reality and that we can, in most cases, consistently measure it; and there’s also the subjective experience of that objective reality that our physical bodies construct, our consciousness experiences, and is very similar but not exactly the same from person to person.

Much of the history of philosophy and science is about trying to determine “where is the line” between the objective and the subjective. In fact, it’s safe to argue wars have been fought over this divide. Consider this thread! Thus the philosophical and scientific fields of Philosophy of Mind, Neuroscience and Behaviorism, and all that flows from them.

What does this mean? It means scientific methods do a good job, in most cases, of quantifying objective reality, but often aren’t able to quantify or describe subjective experience.

What does this mean practically? It means we live in a world where we’re forced to either live in tension between the objective and subjective, and do our best to reconcile that tension, or back ourselves into the limited, lopsided corner of one side or the other and enforce the idea that our side is somehow more “real” or offers a more “truthful” picture of reality.

So: Yes, some reported improvements from cables, fuses, vibration dampeners and such are likely placebo effects. And yes, some reported improvements are likely truly heard and experienced as real, permanent change by the listener.

This isn’t exactly news, if you know what I mean. But I certainly respect the OPs point about the placebo effect.

Finally, we’re not even close to the limits of scientific discovery, and arguing that today’s science has solved everything is like a caveman arguing the world is flat because it’s so obviously the case to him. Who knows what we will discover that becomes a measurable, objective basis for what people say they hear with fuses and BDR cones, etc?

Muon spin, anybody? Quantum entanglement? Oh, so it’s “proven” there’s no free energy available outside the four forces because we haven’t detected anything else yet? Start looking at the list of things the scientific method HASN’T solved and you’ll be amazed; it’s enormous. There’s so much ahead of us to discover!

This is the world we live in. What to choose? Back into some corner and fight, or live in the tension and strive to understand.

Bahahahahaha!! MC!
mahler has it correct:
 "I have definitely had expectation bias, wanting to hear something that is a revelation, and then over time realizing that while the change made made things sound different, but not necessarily better."

-That is exactly what tweeks, cables, etc. do. Then, as in evaluating any component in your system, YOU decide, over time, if it suits your needs and to your liking. I don't think the placebo effect is a correct description because we do the same type of evaluations with all the audio gear, amps, preamps, (tubes - solid state), sources and speakers.
I believe that you eventually get to a place where there is no significant improvement unless you spend 10’s of thousands of dollars. You need to be real with yourself and ask is a 1% improvement really worth another several thousand dollar outlay, or is what you already have sufficient. I have removed myself from the merry go round and now just focus on attaining more lp’s, cd’s, and cassettes. I've spent at least 20k on my system, as much as a new vehicle. Some would say I am nuts, but some here have spent a lot more. 
Seems to me that we are confusing two separate things. As described above by mahler123, as concerns audio, if the perceived change is real it is obviously not due to Placebo Effect. Whether the change is an improvement or not is a subjective call and is a separate issue.

On a more mundane level, it seems to me that some listeners are simply reluctant to accept the simple fact that some are simply blessed with hearing that is more acute than that of others; or, have developed their hearing acuity by way of training or experience more so than others.
This is a really interesting thread.  As a Practicing Physician, I can definitely state that the Placebo effect is real.  As an audiophile, I can say that in my case, I have experienced it.  I have definitely had expectation bias, wanting to hear something that is a revelation, and then over time realizing that while the change made made things sound different, but not necessarily better.  Perhaps the term Placebo Effect isn’t totally correct, because there has been an audible change to my ears, but the expectation bias confounds how I react to that change
as a retired physician, I spent many years experiencing patients with subjective complaints that achieved relief with placebo.  The phenomena is real, regardless how one wishes to explain it.  AND if it gave the patient relief and, at the same time "did no harm", that is a positive result....in audio, if it pleases the listener, that is a positive result...one must decide if the money spent is "doing harm" , or not.....
Placebo has been proved to exist in many fields.

So why do the tweakers and imaginers here rant so hard that it doesn't exist in audio.

Urbie, rude and offensive though he is, has called it against himself, although from his post I'm not sure he knows what placebo is.

I think his post should be taken down, we don't want to call each other d*****s here.
My rule is that if I have to squint real hard to hear a difference something makes, it is not worth the money TOO ME.

agree wholeheartedly!!!

Urbie needs a timeout! Totally inappropriate!!

Placebo or not, hearing is subjective and it of course is all just in our head.  

My rule is that if I have to squint real hard to hear a difference something makes, it is not worth the money TOO ME. 
Spending $800 for magic beans and then explaining to your spouse, parents, trust fund manager, or conscience exactly why you keep falling for the magic bean grift, is not analogous to the placebo effect in a double blind study.
Post removed 
"I'm addicted to placebos. I'd quit, but it wouldn't make any difference." - Steven Wright
Two easy tests at home alone:

Is there a big grin on your face? 
Can you now make out more of the words of songs that were just garbage earlier?

If yes, no placebo is doing it. 

Best wishes
Tell the scientists the brain measurements mean nothing, not me,
djones do you read my post? you distorted my sentence to fill your (.....) fill the blank with what you want.....

This is my COMPLETE sentence:

« Brain measurements means nothing without a CORRELATION with a perception if we speak about hearing...»

Then i expect apology from you for your mistake in citation, or perhaps it is not a mistake but a tactic ?

After that "mistake" citing my post, you go on repeating what i just said like if i was not saying it in the first place.... i called this a CORRELATION and for sure a correlation must be between brain measure and hearing phenomenon ...
The main point was the ability to image the brain in order to understand the regions associated with the phenomenon.
Finally you ended with the strawman usual fallacy of saying a common place evident fact erroneously SUGGESTING that i was refusing it....NOBODY REFUSE MEASUREMENTS....NOBODY REFUSE USEFUL TOOL....

IT IS NOT THE POINT...

THE POINT IS MEASUREMENTS ARE NOT ENOUGH.....they must be interpreted and they cannot be interpreted without a model but they cannot be used to successfully reduce hearing phenomenon to only one temporary model.... Map is not reality....

Psychoacoustic cannot be reduced to physical acoustic.... Even with an A.I. simulation.... Save for transhumanist cultist....

Is it more clear with big letters?
Tell the scientists the brain measurements mean nothing, not me,  I didn't conduct the experiments. The main point was the ability to image the brain in order to understand the regions associated with the phenomenon. Without the instruments, measurements and science there would be no article. 

Most of it was a rant. The rest wasn’t really all that new but more information on the cocktail party problem. I did find the article interesting mainly because the way they moved a step closer was a focus on brain MEASUREMENTS from fMRIs where speech is localized in the brain. What that has to do with the placebo effect I have no idea.

Brain measurements means nothing without a CORRELATION with a perception if we speak about hearing...

And placebo effect is constitutive of perception, it is not only a deception like skeptic club scientism use it for a political agenda...Our brain wait with his own bias for a sound to be like he wanted it to be for specific need...Then the word "placebo" refer to complex phenomenon...

For example placebo must be eliminated ONLY for objective statistical testing by company which want to test a drug; BUT only a fool would want to eliminate placebo effects  from the therapeutic....

It is the same thing for hearing evaluation by the brain.... It is called a learned bias....Like in speech recognition where the brain will correct reality or an unclear sets of soundspeech, some words spoken in some room for example, to deliver a better perception....
I was reading one of these articles about placebo effect. Having been told by authoritative sources what a great article it is I of course learned a great deal from it. Until later when I realized the article itself suffered from the placebo effect. So now I read about a dozen articles at random, on random subjects, so as to avoid this harmful effect. The best method I have come up with so far is to read them blind. Wearing a blindfold totally eliminates all placebo effect from reading. Also eliminates all content. Oh well. The important thing when pretending to be a serious audiophile is to overthink everything, preferably to the point your thinking becomes indistinguishable from mindlessness.
Most of it was a rant. The rest wasn't really all that new but more information on the cocktail party problem. I did find the article interesting mainly because the way they moved a step closer was a focus on brain MEASUREMENTS  from fMRIs where speech is localized in the brain. What that has to do with the placebo effect I have no idea.
Uh, that was a very nice rant but this isn’t about measurements and observations are often deceiving.
dear djones this post was not a rant, like my post is with you now, this was about new hearing discovery....An informative post, different than my ranting post with you or your ranting post against "hearing confidence"....

And no, you are right it was not about measurements because all in audio is not about these necessary and promising but sometimes "deceiving" or successful mesurements ....

And sorry, but saying that "observations are often deceiving" is like saying erection are not always successful....Or saying that the ketchup bottle is often not tightly closed....

It is not a good punchline....It is plain common place in a boring conversation....