I have made this comment a few times in this thread. Rap, whether you like it or not is irrelevant. The biggest problem I have with it is the way it contributes to the dumbing down of America. It's bad enough we have shows like Jerry Springer and the Kardashians.
For being an Industrialized country we are ranked around #37 in education. It would be bad enough if the music was the whole problem. But it is not. The rap-hip hop culture dominates fashion now. It is also the sound track in a lot of movies. I notice a lot of young people speak street slang nowadays. It is an accepted way of communicating. ( Am I am not just talking inner city youth)
The bottom line here is that the rap culture has done very little good in this society. Since it has been around our country's English skills have fallen. Our respect for woman is the lowest I have ever seen in my lifetime. The respect for people in general is down.
Sure it has helped some people get rich and kept some others from going to prison. But the negative effects definitely out weigh the positive.
".....no problem anytime ''....... I get the point as well as understand that music is unique and appreciated differently by all people .........I personally happen to enjoy all classical, jazz, rock...and especially the old '' Delta '' and Chicago Blues artists ......although rap has unfortunately been around longer hat it should have ever been, in my opinion has essentially ; '' dummied down '' America with the thug mentality along with the degradation of woman as objects and songs that really - what is the point of them ?? Have you actually watched the video's of some of these, really .......if have you have seen one you have seen them all ......that's musical , artistic creativity ? I think not ......'' But dismissing it with a disdainful wave of the hand is simply ignorant ''......... I took offense to that comment because as music lover, student of music as well as a so -so musician, I took the rime to try and understand that medium ....... I do NOT se any substance with it. I will add that according to you ......that anyone who does not appreciate say ; Monet, Degas or Picasso as painters would also be considered '' ignorant '' by your comment and also probably not provide you with a ; '' clear, unvarnished confirmation ''.........
In my area rap don't dominate any population or ethnic group. Black population mostly listens to jazz, soul and classical. Hispanic population mostly listens to heavy metal and white population listens mostly to classic rock. Rap is rarely heard from any private homes or car stereos. To my taste, I can't even call most of classic rock music or I can't even pronounce "Rock Music". Rock is rock, Pop is pop, Heavy Metal is heavy metal Rap is rap and Music is I guess something else but rock, pop, rap or heavy metal.
I appreciate that you are willing to engage further.
While it is good to see you acknowledge that there is subjectivity involved in the appreciation of various types of music, that is only the most obvious point. I have already made another important one, which is that you (and other strident critics of rap) lump all artists together. It’s as if you heard some loud, pounding tracks, emanating from beat-up cars populated by "thugs", saw a few videos, and your mind was made up.
Now, I understand that you have a visceral dislike of the genre, and that’s fine. I wouldn’t expect you to do careful research in an effort to root out some rappers who are actually talented musicians, and have something to say. But on this very thread, just a few posts up, I suggested that critics listen to Gil Scott-Heron’s "The Revolution Will Not Be Televised". Scott-Heron was an excellent musician whose lyrics were politically powerful and important. His work was highly inspirational to early many rappers, whose work was in some ways quite different than what you typically hear today.
These are the reasons that I used the word "ignorant". I was not using it in the typical, contemporary sense. I meant that your ignorance of the nuances of the genre preclude any possibility of you arriving at a thoughtful conclusion. What you are essentially saying is that you can’t stand the music, which again, is fine. But dismissing it without understanding either its political and sociological importance, or without even gaining an understanding of the many different types and quality of artists, is ignorant.
Then Mr Whipsaw - you seem to want to carry the cross to promote the idea / concept that rap music does have a ; '' political as well as a sociological importance '' in today's society. Okay, then please do enlighten me as well as maybe some of the other members here on what artists you think have that significance. I am sure that in some circles these particular artists that you speak of, may be discussed as often as say : Bob Dylan , Peter Seger, Woody Guthrie as well as a Sam Cooke on promoting a specific cause or enlightening us on the promotion of individual rights and liberties. I just named a few who came to my mind right away ......as I will listen to them as a student of different musical approaches and not because I was called ignorant - because I won't listen to that medium. That was very a condescending comment - so prove me wrong that there are artists who are relevant in todays; society and who actually have talent .......and please do not tell me Kayne West !!!!!
Condescending? No, a statement a fact, which I have supported clearly.
It is also disappointing that while you have expressed your sweeping and strong opinions on this thread, you haven’t even bothered to read it carefully (if at all).
On the first page I posted this essay from 2009, from Bernard Chazelle, Professor of Computer Science at Princeton:
Bring the Noise
Public Enemy’s political voice may have obscured the enduring brilliance of their work. It’s been 21 years since the release of "It Takes a Nation" and it’s hard to believe how fresh, innovative, and emotionally powerful that album still sounds. The raw energy of Chuck D’s booming voice, trading rhymes with Flavor Flav, is channeled through a layered mix of swirling scratches, quick beats, and funky James-Brown samplings. It’s only when you listen to the old masters like PE and Run-DMC that you realize how much the current generation (Kanye and the rest) are in their debt. And, who knows, perhaps gangsta rap will even prove to be a short-lived commercial aberration.
You may know Chuck D from his Air America radio show and perhaps less from his status as one of rap’s great MCs, along with 2Pac, Nas, Jay-Z, etc. The "noise" in the title is what the pop world thought of hip-hop in the early days. Chuck D welcomes the slur. Yes it is "noise," he is rapping, our kind of noise, and if you don’t like it, tough. As in much of black music, of course, there is an underground "elitism" there meant to shoo away the white establishment. The "noise" played the same gatekeeping function as the jarring harmonies, forbidding virtuosity, and asymmetric rhythm of bebop did 40 years earlier. It didn’t help matters that Seamus Heaney (a poet I admire enormously) praised the poetic power of hip-hop. Heaney was right, of course, but to declare hip-hop safe for the establishment was the last thing hip-hop needed. (Everyone was probably too busy listening to Britney to hear Heaney.)
Some quick historical perspective. In my view, one pop figure dominates, nah, towers over everyone else. Nothing the Brits did comes anywhere close. Same with Elvis. No one can claim his musical breadth, creativity, and influence. That person, of course, is James Brown. And yet there was always something missing. Brown was always so far ahead of everyone else he ended up talking to himself. And you can’t formalize a new language when you only talk to yourself. Hip-hop is Brown’s legacy as an autonomous musical genre, its culmination if you will. It’s a genre that never ceases to amaze me. It’s not musical in the traditional sense of the word. But there’s an emotional intensity to it, a rhythmic richness, and a verbal brilliance that have no equivalent in pop music. I love it."
Now that is a serious look at the genre. Some may disagree with his specific views, but he has undoubtedly given the subject thought.
Furthermore, I have twice mentioned an important, early rap artist, Gil Scott-Heron, who will undoubtedly endure, and I suggested a specific song of his. You either didn’t read my post(s) carefully, or ignored them.
Heavy D., Run DMC, Public Enemy, NWO, The Sugarhill Gang, Grandmaster Flash and the Furious Five (try "The Message"), are a few that are worth listening to. Their music and messages are important reflections of the world of inner city blacks.
Thank you Mr. Whipsaw - and I really don't quote understand your attitude here as I am trying to learn something and share some thoughts. You seem to be a very opinionated individual and assume a lot about me and my musical tastes and interest. Yes, it does seem I happened to miss in one of you diatribes on the artist(s) you had mentioned that I might want to listen to....so you can relax a little as well as lose the combative position as I am trying to learn a little something here in which you seem to be very uncomfortable with. You pointed out on what I should listen to, but you never mentioned if you have ever listened to the artists that I have mentioned here in my thread or maybe you ; '' I guess ; '' You either didn’t read my post(s) carefully, or ignored them '' to quote you. So Mr. Whipsaw - have you ever listened to them in order to expand your tastes as I am trying to do or has your myopic view clouded your research on them ??? I have heard and listened to Gill Scot Heron and enjoyed his work, but if you need constant affirmation on your comments of what is considered '' good music '' by your standards you may need to look elsewhere than this site. Herron's work is very good but I guessed that I just never looked at that as rap .......I have listened to 2Pac and Jay-z and they are good and actually had a message......a message that unfortunately I could not be part of nor will I ever understand or know and much less, ever experience..... the life of inner city blacks. Instead of being combative - that viewpoint should have been expressed as I would have least understood more of what you were trying to say - and not use someone else's '' paper'' to support your opinion.......So, then I guess I never will understand that music or it's message, however, I will continue to listen to possibly gain a little more insight. But I will never condone the violence it promotes, the objectivity of women or lack morals that seems to promote - along with a very distorted value system.
Now .... I have seen Lames Brown and BB King ( to name a few more ) many times - and they have what the others do not have - CLASS !
I used the quote of Chazelle's not to support my opinion, but to illustrate an example of a thoughtful take on rap.
Before I challenged you, you said:
"It NEVER was any good and 30 years from now ...no 5 years from now, do you think that you will be listening to any of the, for a lack of any better words ; songs that are being played now ???? I think not...I am amazed that crap is still around"
Now, you say:
"I have listened to 2Pac and Jay-z and they are good and actually had a message......a message that unfortunately I could not be part of nor will I ever understand or know and much less, ever experience..... the life of inner city blacks. Instead of being combative - that viewpoint should have been expressed as I would have least understood more of what you were trying to say - and not use someone else's '' paper'' to support your opinion.......So, then I guess I never will understand that music or it's message, however, I will continue to listen to possibly gain a little more insight. But I will never condone the violence it promotes, the objectivity of women or lack morals that seems to promote - along with a very distorted value system."
That's some serious dissonance, though I'm glad that you have changed and softened your stance.
Look, I'm a 58yo white guy, so I can't directly relate to the inner-city black experience, either. But I can empathize, in the same way that I can empathize with Palestinians, etc. So, simply understanding that the best examples of the genre contain important insights into the struggles of a large underclass should be sufficient to have some respect for the music, even if you don't care for the sound.
Your final line in the quote above, though, is another example of you painting with far too broad a brush, as there are many examples of rap that contain messages that are the opposite of what you describe.
To answer your other question, yes, I have listened to the artists that you mentioned. My tastes are eclectic, and my preferences are jazz, soul, funk, and world music. I actually listen to relatively little rap.
Now taters. We are good with each other. I'm just speaking my mind and you are speaking yours. I think from your limited viewpoint all you see is your tv and media stuff of rap. I'm not a fan much of the current state of tge rap genre. It just makes my long for the days when the lyricists ran the genre. Not the sing a long "E mail fake Thugs" lol. Did I say thugs oh me oh my. Great idea for a thread it has been very interesting
You are so right about performers like B.B. King and James Brown having class. Like you said you just don't see any class with these rappers or hip-hop performers. I guess that is another thing that really turns me off to that genre.
Mr. Whipsaw - thank you for your response but I did not think for one minute that that I was being ; '' challenged '' by you. Nor did I soften my opinion or point of view as a result of your comments about what I think of rap music. That form of ''music'' will unfortunately will stay around, but will not have the same sustainability as the artists that I have mentioned. The point ; The Beatles catalog can now be '' streamed '' and was welcomed with great success.....50 years later ! I will not be around, but I highly doubt that ; Public Enemy, NWA will have THAT same kind of public reception or success in 50 years. I do see any dissonance in that comment. If you did take the time to read my original post or listen to the artists that I have mentioned, that has been my point all along. I hope to god that you or others do not place the ; 2pacs and Jay-z of the world in the same category as the ; James Browns, The BB Kings, Miles Davis or the Bob Dylans of the world etc.......as that would be an even bigger issue. "That music'' is an art form as I said and get it - but I will still stand by the point that it in no way does it compare to the true artists and musicians whose music has stood the very test of time and whose music will always be there for us to listen to and enjoy.
Well it doesn't surprise me that there is definitely a generation gap in music. I respect the legacy of BB King, Miles Davis and Bob Dylan's. They are great musicians. I used to represent one of the guys who played with BB. He was a great guy as well. I'm a fan of the great Lightnin Hopkins. Those guys can never be compared to what's out here today or any of the rappers. I would never do that. However, I'm happy business wise for them. I hope that the genre takes a turn back to the less stingy song and fake tough guy posing that's going on now. I hope they do that not for the outsiders that look in and judge that 30% that is misinformed or will never like it. I hope it changes more for itself to continue its reign over popular culture. " It needs to worry about the internal thought inside itself not the rants of those outside the culture. Enjoy whatever you listen to. I like Jazz the most. For those who like jazz go listen to Duke Pearson's album "The Right Touch" great hidden gem that has some of the greatest musicians ever playing on it.
might not have the knowledge to understand how the musicians are using
these elements? With all due respect, while you are engaging in a
discourse you seem to have closed your mind on the subject.
1) What knowledge do I need to have? Do you mean schooling, performance experience, listening experience--please be specific and then I'll know which information to provide. And tell us where you got your "knowledge," if you don't mind.
2) What specifically have I said that makes you think I have a "closed mind on the subject?"
We happen to be in basic agreement about the specific comparisons that you have made. While I do believe, for reasons that I have noted, that rap will endure, and that the best and most important of its performers will have long lasting legacies, I do not put them in the same category as the likes of Beatles, Dylan, James Brown, etc.
Also, like you, I prefer most other forms of music to rap.
But having said that, even if one doesn't like spoken word lyrics laid over raw beats, it is useful to listen to the messages that the best rap artists brought/bring to the table, as they remind listeners, often in pungent terms, of deeply important problems that challenge America and much of the rest of the world, namely class, race, poverty and inequality.
@whipsaw great take on this. That's important to note it's gives views from a different perspective and that always important to society. It has at times pointed out mistreatment and inequality in our justice system for example. I look on both sides because I saw it for before becoming a practicing attorney. Honestly when I read threads like this it makes me thankful for earlier rap and even a little rap of today because you can't just have one narrow minded point of view. It's like a forum of media and music that couldn't be controlled by the powers that be. Rap at one time was the wild card to report on things that society would try to hide or ignore. From that point alone it has been extremely useful in American Society. It created conversations about things that were being ignored. It also made a generation of young people not strive for acceptance but choose and make their own way. Once again it's all about perception and perspective. It also made folks understand that there is about 30% of people in this country that don't understand it or care to understand it. It also made it ok to not care if they didn't. Public enemy, x-clan, Sister Souljah, Queen Latifah, Big Daddy Kane, Brand Nubians, Ghetto Boys, NWA, Black Thought(Band Leader of the Roots) OutKast(liberation) all spoke to issues in the community that had no other vehicle to spring them to the front of the line. Today's rap is different and is not as activist oriented as the pervious rap. However, it made sure that people who spewed out simple minded group think didn't control the conversation or America's point of view.
Most of music is about nuance within established forms. Your comments about rap being jump rope rhymes over simplistic beats or your reference to RHCP as rappers suggests you are not familiar with or attuned to the nuances of rap. I could be wrong and you could have an encyclopedic knowledge of rap, but you certainly haven't expressed it in this thread.
Regarding having a closed mind -- it was you who said rap is not music and it is not rock and roll. Both statements are fairly extreme positions that are in opposition to mainstream thinking. If 80% of the people think rap is music, then it probably is music for there is the wisdom of the crowd. It's similar to 50,000,000 Elvis Fans Can't Be Wrong. It really is incumbent upon you to prove your assertion and your comments about comedians and beatnik jokes aren't very convincing.
Oh, my goodness- If only we could get rid of RAP and hip hop,etc, we could really turn this country around. Just think of the possibilities. Economic equality- narrowing the enormous gap between the haves and the have nots, no more racism, women treated as the human beings they surely are, no more disenfranchised voters, no more Wall Street THUGS (speaking of f*****g thugs) no privatization of prisons, no more gated communities for the privileged, an end to our seemingly endless wars. High-end audio systems in the homes of all who want them, a national healthcare system which really works, a secure retirement for folks who've worked hard all their lives, enabling them to grow old with dignity. Affordable and DECENT housing. No more police brutality, busting those officers who think they have a damn license to kill black people... No offshore tax shelters for the greediest among us.... No buttholes like Trump running for president.
My GOD, if only we could get rid of RAP....
But if we can't get rid of RAP, why don't those who find it offensive, simply stop listening to it and get on with their comfy lives?
This is one of the most insipid and vacuous threads on this website. There is an elephant in this room and it has little to do with musical taste.
If anyone is interested, I suggest you read "The Beast Side. Living and Dying While Black In America." Written by D. Watkins. No, it's not aimed at audiophiles or music lovers.
Well I think that the storytelling that once dominated the rap scene is gone. People are recording 5 songs and trying to get a million hits on YouTube. It's either a dance or fake tough guy rap. I don't like it at as much as I used to. I'm older and listen to Duke Pearson, Harold Mabern, Miles Davis, John Coltrane nowadays. I will admit that if I never listened to rap and my first experience to it is what I see now I wouldn't be impressed much by what it is now. Gone is the wordplay and the wittiness that made move love it. It has been replaced by what's on the radio now. I'm in Dallas and there is one of the greatest jazz stations in country the Kntu 88.1. My radio stays there. I hope the dance rap and posing is a phase in the genre. I have seen it before. It always corrects itself. I hope it does soon. Lol enjoy the music or noise. Lol
Fad I. Think not. There once was a group of MC's from a far away place (Oakland, California) Hieroglyphics. Did about 5 albums and continued to travel the world and perform about 15 to 20 years after they came out even 12 yrs after they stop making albums because they where the great in the hip hop area of lyrics wittiness and story telling. They continued to sell out 20,000 seat arenas because it wasn't just a fad and they were saying. They toured Europe, Asia, Austrailia and South America. Great lyrics and beats and the world from Oakland to Aukland wanted it year after year after year. The people have spoken. The world has spoken. Sorry that the 30% percent of code word thug calling folks in this country don't like it. The world does. Doesn't mean the world is right. I'm just glad we have somebody on the thread to tell us that the world is wrong and it is all crap because we are not that smart. Also, the whole world is stupid for listening to and buying it. Also, it never did anything positive. I'm so glad that our music Oracle is a pure unadulterated genius. Lol.
I still concur w/ taters- no substance to the so-called music. Now, what rap/hiphop does do well is talk about using drugs and slapping hoes (if this is your thang)...
onhwy61, give me five tracks that you think deserve to be mentioned in the same breath with "the Revolution will not be Televised" and I will listen to them and get back to you. I will listen with good phones, undistracted and with big ears and an open mind as I usually do. BTW, FWIW, I like "the Revolution will not be Televised" and find it very musical. I also like "Revolution" and "Revolution 1" by the Beatles, but don't care for "Revolution 9"--I find that to be performance art and not music. You're right when you say the masses get to define standards. You're wrong to say someone has a closed mind when they don't agree with them. I scratch my head when I come across the rare person who doesn't like Beethoven or the Beatles, but I realize that their opinion is as good and as valuable as mine. BTW, I have made a living as a music teacher and performer but I don't think that makes my opinion more important than someone less experienced. But I bristle when someone someone suggests I may not have the understanding of the elements of music necessary to formulate an opinion of what's music and what's poetry. I have studied, listened and played for decades. What are your special qualifications that better allows you to make this judgement? Anyway, I like good stuff so please, tell me your top five "musical" rap tunes and I'll give them a listen ASAP.
Old Audiophiles crack me up. Why is everyone so serious about this subject? If you don't like the music don't listen to it. Its pretty simple. Funny thing is the people that whine about rap music is the same people that whine about the next generation not being into Hifi. Rap discussions come up every so often. I even started one over 10yrs ago. I wonder why people on these forums talks about rap in such a negative way, but nobody ever mentions Metal, Techno, or Dub step, which IMHO are the worst forms of music. To me music is music, and we need to be open about it, so the next generation for hifi doesn't disappear.
Rap 20 yrs ago to rap now is completely different. Its more commercialized now. A lot of the rappers aren't even from the streets. Theres not a lot of story telling, and a lot of it is repetitive beats to sound good in the clubs and dance to. I don't care too much for the stuff thats on the radio. Artists like Drake, Kanye West, 50 cent, all kinda sound the same to me.
I don't really care for some of the lyrics in rap songs. Especially when every other word is F**** you, or the N*** word. But I understand that is where they are from, and that is how they talk. Rap is suppose to be real, and to take all that away from these guys from the streets would make their music sound fake. Besides people on these forums act like they don't cuss in real life…not a huge issue for me.
I do wish rappers would grow up to learn to be a musician first. But remember, some of these guys grew up on the streets where being a musician isn't possible. I know growing up, there was no way I would be able to afford a guitar, piano, or even a Harmonica…lol However there are plenty of rappers that can play instruments. Just to name a few….Pimp C, Andre 3000, Pharrell, and Scarface.
I am a huge fan of rap from the 80s and 90s, and own a good collection of rap cds. I grew up listening to it, and I still listen to it now. I just try to keep an open mind about rap nowadays. I hear myself whining about it sometimes, but every so often I will hear something I like.
here are a few of my favorite rap songs for you audiophiles to check out. Curious on your thoughts.
"The Revolution will not be televised" is one of the greatest pieces ever because it was raw unyielding and straight truth. Funny how it's not cool to drink the Kool Aid when certain people are pouring it. Drink up Fellas or die of thirst. Lol. Everybody around the world are just Rap Zombies. I liked it more when I was younger but I hope I never become a guy who lumps everybody into one pitcher of Kool-Aid.
Laugh all you want about us old audiophiles. But remember one Important thing. Without us old audiophiles there would be no high-end audio Industry. Most of the serious audio websites are made up of older people that have been doing this for years. When you go to audiophile shows it is mostly older guys with gray hair. The magazines on Audio cater to an older crowd.
I'm sure when us baby boomers are dead and buried there will be no high-end audio Industry anymore. But it won't really matter to you since rap and hip hop don't require a high end system anyway.
Taters-You must have been picked on by a rapper in the past. I don't know why you are so negative about it. Then again, I don't really care. I wasn't laughing at you guys. I was laughing at the negative comments that you guys make about a subject you don't know much about. I can care less if anyone likes what I like. I will keep enjoying my crappy music on my high end system.
There's very real cultural/racial bias in this thread. 1. Rap is not music. 2. Creators of rap are somehow not as good as regular humans (whatever that means).
I take the position that there are many things I don't understand and/or don't like but to each his own. So for those that like rap, great ain't none of my business. I'm not the arbiter and will not bad mouth it whether I like it or not.
Fortunately it's not up to me to dictate what others should or shouldn't like or for me to define what music or art is, beyond a personal reference, and I don't spend time worrying about it.
I have thought about the definition of music and art throughout my life but have never achieved any meaningful definitions. It's like painting yourself into a corner, just when you seem to work toward some conclusion something new crops up that requires rethinking. And that's how it should be because that's what it's all about.
There are those who like only music from the 40's or 60's etc. Well it's a continuous process that doesn't stop and you can't make it stop so get over it.
To me in life, as well as in art and music, it's best to keep an open mind. So let's enjoy what we enjoy and leave other folks alone.
Everything is not meant for everybody to like or understand. Rap used to seek acceptance and now most of those fans and artists revel in fact that they could care less about who likes it or not. Music is made in every genre to be different some of us like it some of us don't. Yup even if you don't want to listen rap nowadays it's almost unavoidable like it or not. I stayed away from this kind of Internet forum because it's a place to be extreme. It's the new right leaning megaphone for social media. Just enjoy the music you have and for those who don't like rap avoid it if you can. Lol
Poor Mr. Taters, assaulted on all sides by that nefarious evil thing called rap. There’s simply no escape. It's all-powerful and it’s out to get us all....
Will it succeed? Stay tuned for the next episode. These are indeed scary times in the world of high-end audio.
Lol. Subtle cultural bias comment also had me laughing Then I saw a rap artist called Jidenna and the video to the song "Knickers" and all I could do is laugh harder. Witty is back! Lol
rja, there is no cultural or racial bias that makes me think rap is not music. Quit playing those cards. Step up to the plate and show me where the music is in rap. Quit making unfair, snap judgements and use your brain.
@souljasmooth You see this. Thug this thug that. We know that that means. Anyway. I see that you listen by your suggestions. You will not see much of that in these kind of forums. You will get blanket statements and challenges to folks that maybe are not as deep into to rap as we once were. I guess that how it is. Anyway I was listening to ll cool j and whodini today and may wish for 1985. Made me think of all the music, motivation and messages. It also made me think of the fun. Enjoy your music.
I was just trying to keep it fun by posting a few songs that are not commercialized, and that most audiophiles have never heard. This discussion is way too serious. I doubt anyone even cared to listen to them....lol.
@souljasmooth that right. The purpose of the original poster was never to actually get an answer. It was just say it's terrible. However, I listen to hip hop and mostly jazz. I can respect any genre. Anyway enjoy your music. I grew up on it and I am happy for the younger guys who are still doing it. Great cultural impact. Some good some bad. Like most other music.
This thread would have lasted about 5 minutes on just about any owner reputable music forum before being zapped by a moderator. Let me guess...one of your best friends is black?
Don't shoot the messenger; I'm not a fan. But I remember this guy hitting the scene and thinking, this is a very different genre of music -- with the entire vocal range of one-to-three notes.
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