Power Tube Matching


Can someone translate the two #’s on the tube boxes?

What does the first two digit # signify? Plate current I think. And I assume millivolts, milliamps? Or what?

And the 2nd four digit # means transconductance I gather. What is transconductance?

How far apart can these #’s be before they are considered unmatched? And if you explain with percentage, I will need to know how high the numbers go, so maybe stick to actual number increases. My point being, on the internet people just say "5% difference." This means nothing if the plate current numbers can go up to 35 million, or only 100, or maybe 50, or 120.

So, if I Bob has 3 tubes that all have the first number of 14.3.....what numbers on a forth tube would be considered matched? 17.1, 18.4, 19.0, 25.8, or even 12.3?

What happens really if Bob used an unmatched pair of tubes in an amp. And it would be nice to hear about direct experience.

Thank you for your time,

 

TD

 

128x128tonydennison

IP is plate current , Gm is transconductance .

In your Mid Monos you need matched tubes unless they are the latest version with a trim pot for each tube’s bias.

Bob only has three matched tubes.... if you put one that isn’t close then one amp will have a tube that is not biased correctly because the two power tubes share a bias pot . One will draw more current than the other , not what you want in a Push / Pull amp.

IP plate current is what you are adjusting. It’s basically a math formula that relates to the plate voltage and how much current the tube will / should draw

Your amp has a plate voltage of something like 440 volts. Mike at Quicksilver recommends setting the bias at 53 mA.

You can’t achieve that if both tubes are not electrically " the same" with respect to their current draw. . Quicksilver strongly recommends matched power tubes for best and safe operation.

When you buy a QS product new the tubes are hand matched on their equipment and are very tightly matched. Looking at a pair of EL84 and the current draw is hand written on each box. 24.1 and 24.0. That’s how tightly matched they should be. Those were from their Headphone amp that has no adjustment, it’s Auto Bias so technically they don’t need to be matched . But they do it on all of their amps

Transconductance or Gm is how strong the tube’s emissions are .

 

Roger Modjeski designed his own proprietary computer tube testers to ensure appropriate matching of power and signal tubes. So here is a tutorial from a very knowledgeable amplifier designer and tube expert: https://www.ramtubes.com/article-5 that should address any questions you may have.

 

@oddiofyl Thank you.

But, I and still curious.

"Looking at a pair of EL84 and the current draw is hand written on each box. 24.1 and 24.0. That’s how tightly matched they should be."

In this example, how far off could they be and still be considered matched?

24.1 __ 23.7

24.1 __ 24.8

What is the cutoff for what is considered, not perfect, but matched?

 

It just seems mysterious how the % is gained.

Thanks again

 

@clio09 Thanks,

From that article, it looks like he is saying that the top, 2 digit, number on a tube box will  be between 32 to 42. Well, I know Ive seen tubes as low as 14 and as high as 34, so.....maybe even 44.

It is quite mysterious.

Were tubes always matched, say in 1950's guitar amps?

If no, when did matching become a thing? And did this correspond to a change in amp design?  And if yes, why the change?

 

T