Phono stage and preamp overload

My experience has been to plug the components together, start with the lowest gain. Given the low output of your cartridge you will probably need the highest setting on your phono stage. But how much you need to turn up your volume control on your preamp will answer the question. 
 

I suppose one could learn how to do the math, but I normally leave that for work.

The XP-17 features gain adjustable from between 56dB and 76dB; a range sufficient to allow successful operation of not only high output moving magnet cartridges, but also the lowest output moving coil cartridges without the use of an auxiliary step-up transformer. This extremely low noise / high gain structure of the XP-17 is capable of cleanly and quietly delivering in excess of 0.5V line level signal output with a phono cartridge input of 80 micro-volts.

It doesn't look like you will have any worries. 

Are you sure your Dynavector outputs .5 mV? If it does I'd go with balanced and 56 dB of gain, loading the cartridge between 50-100 ohms as it appears to have an impedance of 5 ohms. 

But it also appears to have an output of .3 mV from what I can see. If that's the case I'd run it single ended into the Pass Phono preamp with 60 dB of gain, again loaded at 50-100 ohms. 

Either way, but especially if it is .5 mV, 66 dB of gain is a ton of gain and very likely contributing to making your ears bleed. 

re: Cartridge.  My mistake.  It’s actually 0.3mv…not 0.5.