* How many watts are my amps producing with these Thiels. Is is as simple as splitting the difference between 8 and 4 ohm output, meaning 75 watts?
Yes, the rating would be 75 W/ch into 6 ohm based on the specs.
* The power amp can be turned into a monobloc, but the integrated can't so am I correct in presuming with single speaker posts that running one amp to each speaker is out?
You can run two separate monoblocs, one to each speaker rather than a single stereo amp if you want, but you should use two matching monoblocs for good results. Only stereo amps designed to be used alternately as a monobloc amp should be used.
* If I picked up a matching power amp, could I use the
integrated as a pre-amp for both or would I need to buy a whole new preamp? The integrated has only on set of pre-amp input jacks.
In general, you should be able to use any two matching mono power amps with any stereo pre-amp having pre-amp OUT jacks, not input jacks, as long as you have the proper interconnects (RCA connectors or balanced connectors are the most common). Of course the resulting sound will vary depending on exactly what components are used together.
* If I had matching Alpha 8 power amps to run each speaker, how many watts would be going to Thiels? 125?
You should only use one amp per speaker unless the speaker supports bi-amping in which case it would have more than two terminals. Bi-amping generally means that one amp is used to drive the woofer and a separate amp is used to drive the tweeter.