I actually had this same issue. I have Sony buds but was using the Apple buds until I lost them. The Sonys are nice but it took some manipulation to get the volume to a level that I like
low BT audio on Sony WF-1000XM5 using iPhone 15 Pro at max device volume
I've tried both the 2021 version of Status Between Pro earbuds and the 2023 version of Sony WF-1000XM5 earbuds on my iPhone 15 Pro. For whatever reason, whenever I set the volume to the highest setting, the audio output is like the same output when you turn your volume down to take a call... it's nowhere near "loud".
For Sony, I even tried their headphones iOS app and set a custom equalizer to all max settings, where it gained about 8-10% in loudness. on both Sony and Status, I've tried changing out earbud sizes, using my fingers to press in to see if there's a fitting issue, and I still can't get anything over a low-medium setting.
My iPhone audio settings are all factory and utilizing the latest iOS version. Any other tips are greatly appreciated