Bookshelf speakers and record player for Marantz 2245 receiver?

I'm not going to recommend a speaker,however,because of your placement,you need to only look at something with a sealed box,or front porting. Rear porting will not sound optimal with your placement.

I would give a listen to the new ELAC B5 and B6 speakers, and look for an old AR turntable.

ML Lx-16 or Motion 15 great value and sound. 

Have a MARANTZ 2220B paired with ADS L470's and sounds good to me.If you consider used ADS speakers work well with the MARANTZ receivers .

I think the Rega R1 suggested by akg is one good fit given your amp and room constraints. Sensitivity of 90dB, nominal 8ohm impedance, and need not require placement far from back wall.  Maybe you could find a used pair, thus saving money for the TT. 

On the TT quest, what is your budget for it?