Much of the advice here is good. The Rega Brio and Arcam FMJ A38 for sale now on Agon for under $700 would both be excellent choices. The Arcam with 100/140 watts into 8/4 ohms respectively has a performance envelope that could drive a wide array of bookshelf speakers.
On the speaker side, the Revel Perfoma’s, Vienna Acoustics Haydens, a couple pairs of Sonus Fabers and Totem Model 1’s for near or below $800 on Agon now all look good to me. For new speakers, I agree with @soix you cannot go wrong with Wharfedale or Elac bookshelf speakers.
The Arcam FMJ A38 combined with the Totem Model 1 speakers would I think be wonderful eith your new analog front end, but as others havd noted the Cambridge phono pre will be the weak point.
Here is some out of the box thinking - NAD C316BEE V2 integrated (new), Vandersteen Model 1 (on ebay) and a Schitt Mani 2 phono pre. You could get all this for around a grand and it would sound cracking with your front end. I realize the Vandersteen Model 1’s are small floor standers, but I have heard this combination and its sounds way better than it has a right to for this amount of money.