My experience with turntable, cartridges and phono stages is that the phono stage can hold the sound back until they are of very high caliber. I have used a number of phono stages, but have the most extensive experience with Audio Research. One of Audio Research’s strengths has been Phono Stages, like Conrad Johnson and Zesto.
I will say that noise that you can hear from a phonostage is very bad. While it can be covered up by the music, it is still detracting from the music. You will not hear it, but your system will sound better with out it. A phono stage should be silent.
Each upgrade of the phonostage for me resulted in very large improvement in sound quality until I got to roughly the value of the tt + phono cartridge = the phono stage. . This has happened with my current system and its predecessor. Currently my Linn LP12 (near Klimax) and Koetsu Rosewood Signature cartridge is mated with an Audio Research Ref 3SE.... roughly $22K each.