?? hi res recording studio practices

Studios don't offer recordings. They make them. That's why they're called recording studio's. Record labels don't make recordings, they offer them for sale. The seller puts their label on the record. That's why they're called record labels. The recordings are actually made by the producer, that's the guy who brings the performing and recording talent together with the money to make and sell the resulting recording. This guy produces it, which is why he's called the producer.  

In terms of the recording process itself, exactly how all that is done is determined by the recording engineer. This is the guy who runs the microphones, mixer, and all the other recording equipment. A lot of them modify their equipment, and some of them even build it. That's what makes them recording engineers.

Once the recording itself is made, its usually at this point a raw tape of multiple tracks. It still needs to be mastered, that is converted into a final form suitable for transfer to CD, LP, or what have you. This is the job of the mastering engineer.

The end result of this process is an original master tape. The original master thus represents a tremendous amount of time and money and makes people nervous having so much at risk and so usually the first thing done with the original master is to make copies. So its always a master tape used for pressing CD or LP, but its not always the original master tape.

That's the basic process. But there's a million variations. Artists, producers, and label execs can interject and influence it at any point. Jennifer Warnes Famous Blue Raincoat, for example, was recorded all digital. But then in mastering four versions were made. Same mix, same everything, just mastered differently. One of the masters was to analog tape. The talent (Warnes and Cohen) and the producers all agreed the analog sounded best. So the analog master was used, both for CD and LP.

If you've read this far then it should be clear there is no answer to your question. Its not the studio, and its not consistent. Your question cannot be answered the way its asked. It can only be answered with respect to particular individual recordings. And maybe not even then. (But watch these guys try!)😂😂

Wrong again.

Patience, grasshopper.

Most recordings made in the last 30 - 40 years have been recorded digitally, that means no tape used. It was recorded to a hard drive or some other type of digital storage.

I’d guess that early on, when digital storage was more expensive, recordings were mostly made at a sampling rate of 44.1khz or 48khz and a bit depth of 16. CD quality, in other words

Now that digital storage is cheaper and more compact, and streaming bandwidth is wider, many recordings are made at higher sampling rates and bit depths, 96/24 192/24. Sometimes DSD recordings are made.

If tape was used to record a new album, that will usually be noted on the sleeve, the booklet (for digital discs) or in the advertising because recording to tape is not the norm anymore.

It is very hard to find out at exactly what sample rate and bit depth a digital recording was made. For some reason the record labels like to keep that information secret. Download sellers like HDtracks sell downloads of the same recording at different sample rates and bit depths, but, in the past, when they have been asked at what sample rate/bit depth the recording was made, they have said they don’t know, they just get the files from the record label without that information.

@seventies I've been a recording engineer for nearly 3 decades. I can tell you what I know based on having worked in some of the biggest name studios in the industry. 

I've never seen anyone use DXD. Though I do know that Channel Classics is one studio that intended to but actually work in DSD https://www.channelclassics.com/general-info/about-channel-classics/ They are in any case an outlier.

The standard in the industry these days is quickly becoming 24Bit/96K where as it's been 44.1K for music production and 48K for movie / TV audio production for the last 20+ years. It's common practice for mastering engineers to upsample to 96K and work there before converting to whatever res and format their customer desires. 

If the intention is to release a 'high res' remastered recording the most common practice is to upsample material recorded at 44.1K or 48K to 96K and mix / remaster there and output at 96K. The delivery container for that could be PCM, DSD, MQA or converted back to analog for vinyl.

Nyquist’s Theorem states that we only need 44.1K to capture the highest frequencies for the human ear. While that's true it hasn't prevented exploration into the higher sampling rates. The question is whether the differences that can be heard there are natural or byproducts, namely distortion.  

I'm not sure I've answered your question but I hope this helps.

See? Tol ya so.

Glissando and others,
Thanks for your responses.
Per part four of Rushton Paul's newly released article in 'Positive Feedback', several studios now record in DXD or DSD128.
Whereas arguments for DXD vs PCM devolve on 'what you hear',
I believe the resolution obtained with DXC and DSD256 is audibly superior to that obtained with 'lesser' iterations of the PCM and DSD formats.  I believe also that the differences between PCM and DSD diminish to near-inaudibility at the highest resolution available in those formats.  Which brings me back to file size, ie bit depth times sampling rate.  Though one might argue that frequency and dynamic range, not digital sample size are what's important, I believe it unarguable that greater bandwidth (translate file size per duration of a 'song') offers greater potential resolution, and I emphasize the word 'potential'.
To my elderly ears, particularly listening to violins or soprano voices, that potential is realizable.
Further comments would of course be much appreciated.

@seventies, it's good to see this conversation started here on Audiogon. I believe it is an important conversation for us as music lovers and audiophiles. The "standard in the industry" has been falling woefully short of excellence in what we might hope for (and certainly that I seek out). So, while the "majors" are still stuck at 24-bit and 96kHz, there are other labels who seek a higher standard.

As you noted, there are many recording labels now beginning to record in DXD and in DSD256. I'm told that the technology has evolved to the point that these ultra high resolution formats are becoming easier for the recording companies to work in, and the Merging Technologies Pyramix platform, which makes this easier, is becoming more common. I'm seeing it with large companies like Pentatone, and certainly Channel Classic as previously mentioned in this thread. I don't know the status of DGG and Philips and and and... But smaller labels and recording studios like Eudora, IBS, Northstar Recordings, Reference Recordings, Sound Liaison, TRPTK... are certainly out there doing great work.

I'll be writing more about recording companies that are originally recording to DXD and DSD256 and whose titles are available for purchase/download in these formats. My criteria for writing about them will be that retail downloads are available, not simply that they are recording in these formats.

Published yesterday in Positive Feedback is an article about the jazz label "Just Listen Records" that records in DSD256 and DXD and has downloads available from NativeDSD in these formats. Published a week or so ago is an article about High Definition Tape Transfers (HDTT) that is transferring in these formats from analog reel-to-reel tape. Future articles are in the works about other labels. Stay tuned.

Regards,
Rushton

(And I just noticed that it's perhaps time to change my avatar here given my new journey into digital. Hmmm... Long time, no posts from me.)