Is this correct? Someone please correct me if this is wrong.
The apple DAC dongle has about a 1 volt (RMS) output max. So multiply the efficiency of your headphones( db/Vrms) times the 1 volt and obtain the volume at max output.
I use IEM with about a 117 dB/Vrms (t 1 KHz) so I try to keep it at about 50 % power to be safe and account for peaks or energy at other frequencies. I don't like it louder anyway. Plus, I only listen for about 1/2 hour at a time.
https://www.kenrockwell.com/apple/lightning-adapter-audio-quality.htm
Is this the right way to calculate it and be safe? My younger days were not easy on my ears with motorcycles, construction, and concerts.