10 Audio Cable Myths and Facts



In a sea of audio cable industry snake oil, we’re sure you’re wondering, What really matters when buying cables?Save your money by avoiding overpriced cables with outlandish claims. Below are some common myths to look out for and some important things to consider when buying audio cables.
 
CABLE MYTHS1. Conductor skin effect

In some applications like power transmission lines, an electric signal tends to travel through the surface of a conductor and avoids traveling through the center of the conductor. Many cable companies claim that their design limits the skin effect and measurably improves your sound.

The TruthWhile skin effect is a very real issue for large scale power transmission, audio signals are in such a low-frequency range that the skin effect is negligible at best. The skin effect is only an issue in high-frequency applications. 20kHz is the highest frequency that humans can hear. If we calculate the skin effect on a 12 AWG speaker cable like Gene from Audioholics does in this article, we find that the skin effect results in a loss of only -.014dB. Your speakers, room acoustics, and the human ear have a much larger effect on your sound than the skin effect.
2. Cable break-in

Don’t be fooled - any company that claims this thinks they can trick you into hearing better sound after a month or two. “Break-in” is a commonly used term throughout the industry. It is the idea that the dielectric of a cable changes and aligns itself to the electromagnetic field of the signal traveling through the conductors.

The Truth

There is no scientific evidence to support the idea of cable break-in, but there are still those who claim it improves sonic qualities. We’re not against optimism. We’re just not full of crap. Don’t drink the audio industry kool-aid and save your money for legitimate cables.
 

3. Cryogenic treatment

Cryogenic treatment is the process of freezing cables to -320 degrees Fahrenheit before use. The claim is that freezing the conductors of the cable at ultra low temperatures aligns the crystalline grain structure of them resulting in desirable improvements.

The Truth

Again there is no scientific data to support this notion. Cryogenic treatment can improve the durability of certain metals, usually steel, by stabilizing impurities. For example, the process is used to create strong tools or car parts.  

But, steel is a terrible metal to use for audio cables. It is one of the least conductive metals out there! Copper and silver are the best conductors of electricity and the preferred metals for audio cables.


4. Cable signal direction

You might hear this phrase tossed around quite a bit. It’s the notion that a cable has an established signal direction, the direction in which it was initially used, and that this signal direction should not be reversed.

The Truth

The reality is, assuming the connector ends and terminals are the same, the cable will work in both directions and the performance will be equivalent.

5. Cable elevators, risers, or lifts

 

The claim is that the cables’ magnetic field can interfere with the surface it is laying on. Essentially, the magnetic field can “reflect” from the surface back into the cable and cause distortions.

 

The Truth

There is no evidence to support these claims, and these unnecessary devices are merely for looks. They are in no way proven to improve cable performance.  

    CABLE FACTS1. Shielding is Important

    In the modern age, wireless signals are all around us all the time. The rapid growth and spread of technology means that these wireless signals will become more widespread and more likely to cause unwanted interference. Cellphones, wifi, and Bluetooth signals can enter your cables, but shielding can block these signals and preserve your sound quality.

    2. Length is a Factor

    No matter how well a cable is designed, cable length will always impact performance. As the length of a cable goes up, so does the risk of unwanted interference and signal loss. We always recommend keeping your cables as short as possible, but we understand that is not always possible. A well constructed and shielded cable will help combat this issue.

      3. Conductor material plays a role

      The best conductors to use for audio cables are pure silver or pure copper. Both are valued for their high conductivity, but copper is more widely used due to the high price of silver. Additionally, some variations are constructed with silver-plated copper. However, because the metals have different conductivities, the sound is more likely to travel through only the silver plating and not the copper.

      The purity of the conductor will affect performance more than anything. Look for Oxygen-Free High Conductivity (OFHC) conductors. This means that a significant percentage of oxygen and other impurities have been removed from the conductor resulting in high purity.  

      4. Wire gauge should not be overlooked

      The amount of wattage your system is using will determine the total gauge size needed for safe and optimal performance. The standard is 14 gauge wire minimum for the transmission of 250 watts of power. Many electronic devices use much less than this, but some speakers and listening setups may be using more. If your system uses more than 250 Watts, we recommend a higher total gauge cable.

      5. Quality connectors matter

      Truly, the best connectors are no connectors at all. But, if you can’t hardwire your system, gold plated connectors are the industry standard. Gold plating exhibits great corrosion resistance when exposed to oxygen and has good conductive properties. Connectors range from basic to extremely high end and flashy.

      The bottom line is:
      Choose connectors based on your personal needs and the type of connection being made. Overall, always choose quality connectors.  

      We hope these myths and facts will help you choose quality, reasonably priced cables to complete your listening room, studio, or whatever your setup may be.

      Share your setup with us in the comments below!

      shieldedaudio

      Showing 14 responses by prof

      The fact remains that there are indeed differences between metals, and geometries, and insulators, and even things like cryo. Differences that can be heard. But not by everyone. A lot of guys simply have not yet developed the requisite listening skills. Some have not even tried.



      Ah, the logic of the Golden Ears. "If only you my had ears to hear!"

      Millercarbon, I’d like to enlighten you: You should try swapping your expensive cables for radio shack zip cord, and get rid of all those cable risers.

      When you do you SHOULD be able to hear the addition of timbral accuracy, harmonic richness, purer highs and extended soundstage and transparency.

      I can hear it. It’s just AMAZING. They MUST have put something special in that zip cord because, whatever you may say it’s made of or however it measures, the ultimate test is HOW IT SOUNDS and my ears don’t lie! It finally releases the potential of a hi-fi system.

      If you try the zip cord and don’t hear the exquisite upgrade in sound I hear...it can only mean you have not developed the requisite listening skills. And I feel sorry for you. Keep listening, keep improving your skills, and maybe one day you will join us in the Platinum Ears Club.

      ;-)

      BTW,

      While some of the claims made in the OP seem reasonable, given what I've seen other engineers (who aren't selling cables!) say on the subject:

      1. The "points" made against "cable myths" in the OP still tend to constitute mere counter claims with little or no supporting evidence.And if you aren't giving any better evidence than those for cable myths, how are the counter claims to be taken as more justified?

      2.  Looking at the OP's website doesn't exactly inspire confidence that this company has eschewed all the "cable myths" themselves.  There seem to be some level of the same type of claims made for audiophile cables.

      Human beings who care. Blow away the meters every time. All day long.

      Ah, the siren call of the Golden Ear. "My powers of perception transcend your puny meters and science!"
      How self-satisfying that must feel to believe. How hard it must be to even consider giving up those magical powers ;-)

      Science and technology, double-blind and all that, we use these things to understand the human experience. Not to tell the human he didn’t have an experience.


      To be clear: It all depends on the nature of the claim.

      If you say "I experienced seeing a perpetual motion machine in my neighbor’s garage" then, sorry, science can investigate that claim and conclude you didn’t have that experience (for one, it can base the skepticism on known evidence and theory such a claim is unlikely, but also could investigate the alleged perpetual motion machine to determine it’s not doing what you think it is).

      Of course science doesn’t deny that people "have experiences." The problem arises in how people try to EXPLAIN those experiences - the way we can so easily go wrong in our inferences and causal explanations.
      So if you say "Today at a show I witnessed a man saw a woman in half and put her back together alive!" then, ok, we can take it you had an experience that left you with that impression. But the question arises as to what CAUSED that experience/impression: whether, in fact, a woman was sawed in half in front of you. Upon investigation it turns out it was a magic trick that left you with that impression, not a "true" instance of a woman being sawed in half. You should be open to amending your belief about how you ended up "believing" a woman was sawed in half IF you are at all interested in careful empirical reasoning.


      And this is the issue with Golden Eared purely subjective audiophiles (like Millercarbon) who esteem their own subjective experience and perception above all else. They presume "I heard a sonic change with X tweak" is one and the same as "the sonic tweak DID objectively change the sound, and that is what I perceived." Subjective experience and objective claim meshed as one.



      This is the paradigm behind every tweak any audiophile ever thought he heard. It’s how you arrive at audiophile positions (as it seems to be with Millercarbon) that "everything makes a difference" in the hi fi chain. Because, fact is, the way human minds work, one can imagine a difference at any time, for anything you change.



      Challenging this paradigm is like being an atheist in a church. You are challenging a very personally held belief system, and the intensely subjective nature makes it wrapped up in someone’s own sense of self.So even challenging the idea with "it’s possible you imagined the difference" is taken as a personal affront. "how DARE you say I may not be hearing what I KNOW I’m hearing! I was there! YOU weren’t! "
      To someone thinking in a more scientific mindset, you wouldn’t react this way. It’s obvious, well known, that we can fool ourselves in numerous ways, which is why science is essentially a systematized method of countering our biases. As the great Feynman said of doing science:



      "The first principle is that you must not fool yourself—and you are the easiest person to fool.”




      Golden Ears simply haven’t taken this to heart. They don’t think, or can’t admit, that they may have fooled themselves. It strikes at the heart of their entire paradigm, and also sense of self. After all, if I claim that when I switch in my new fancy cables I can hear angels singing behind the trumpet section on a recording, so long as I refuse to submit my claim to any controlled test - e.g. "lets see if you can reliably identify the angels singing when you don’t know if the new cables are used or not - my claim can go unchallenged forever. "But you can see if other people hear the angels" you might say. Nope. Because I always leave myself the move of proclaiming "If YOU don’t hear the angels then the problem isn’t there are no angels - the problems are with YOUR ears. They clearly are not as refined as My Golden Ears because I can surely hear the angels!"



      So the Golden Ear has the self-satisfaction of making his claim unfalsifiable, while being a position to denigrate anyone who "can’t hear what we Golden Ears hear!"



      And round and round we go....



      @oldhvymec

      Well at least you got that part right..You can't hear it, so I can't possibly hear it. So your right and someone else is wrong... You took long time to say it, and not very clearly I might add.

      Nowhere did I argue "I don't hear it so you can't possibly hear it."That's obviously fallacious, which is why it doesn't appear anywhere in what I wrote.  You've pulled that from your own imagination.  (Fancy that!).


      What I explained is that, by taking their subjective impressions over the evidence of measurements, and by a refusal to take the subject of sighted bias seriously, by not giving credence to tests controlling for such bias, the Golden Ear makes his claims unfalsifiable.


      If measurements show a signal to be exactly the same, the Golden Ear can always make the claim "But I hear it anyway."  And if other people don't hear a difference, the reply can always come (as it does from you and Millercarbon) "that's because you don't have my skills of perception."   And since the Golden Ear eschews *actually* putting his perception to the test...for instance blind testing where you aren't peeking at the equipment knowing what you are listening to...the Golden Ear keeps his claim unchallenged.


      And your posts run along these lines, from what I've seen thus far. (Hence your fairly haughty talk of people who just can't hear things that you and other Golden Ears can hear.  If you'd really like to compare experience with audio, we could do that ;-))
      Though I'm certainly open to being wrong and would like to be corrected if that's the case.


      Questions: 



      1. If introducing a tweak (or comparing, say two cables) produced the same measurable results - e.g. no deviations in frequency response or other areas known to be audible - would you still default to "If I heard a difference, it's real, measurements be damned?"


      2. How much do you know about the realm of human bias?  Do you accept that sighted biases (there are various) can cause people to think they hear differences when there are none to be heard (no actual change in the sound waves)?   



      and from that:


      3.  For the tweaks that you think made an audible difference....could you be wrong? Is it possible you imagined the difference via a perceptual bias?


      Please note:  NOTHING in the above claims you are not hearing real sonic changes with whatever tweak.   Rather, this has to do with the type of evidence and methods we are using to place confidence in our conclusions.

      Cable debates. You’re gonna miss em when they’re gone.



      You mean when we finally (presumably) move to fully wireless systems in the future?


      It won't make the inherent debate go away.


      One may have thought we'd have moved on when we moved to digital cables over analog for some of the system.  But purely subjectivist audiophiles still insist "I hear a difference!"


      You can bet it will be the same for whatever method of transmission we come up with.  The nature of subjective inference is, so long as you change something, anything, someone can become convinced "it made a difference to the sound!" 



      We'll have a cottage industry of "best sounding wireless transmitters!"
      :-)


      clearthink,

      What you have failed to think clearly about is this:

      The point is the Golden Ear makes his claim UNfalsifiable. He protects himself from ever being shown to be wrong.

      In contrast the "Lead Head" (as you call them) who doubts the claim of the Golden Ear OFFERS a way of being proven wrong.  If the Golden Ear successfully identifies a tweak under blind conditions controlling for sighted bias, that counts as evidence against the claim "these differences are not audible." 

      So...would you like to try again?

      How, for instance, would the Golden Ear who is convinced he heard a difference going to test whether he is mistaken or not?

      Slooow dooowwn clearthink....


      Well here you assume that a blind test is absolute, incontrovertible, undeniable, unfalsifiable proof which is an error




      No, I never said any such thing. I have been very careful over many posts on these subjects to point out I am NOT making any such claim and that blind tests or the scientific method do NOT make such incontrovertible claims. It’s about affording levels of confidence, not "Absolute Proof" and tests are one way of raising (justified) confidence levels in a proposition.


      That’s why I very carefully phrased a test as providing evidence for or against a claim. (For the moment, putting off caveats about the null hypothesis). It doesn’t count as "absolute proof" but simply "some evidence for" a claim.


      And, of course, nowhere have I claimed bind testing to be an obligation of any audiophile.


      It’s up to you if you want to play around with strawmen, or actually respond to what I write.

      Would you like to answer the question: What test can a Golden Ear take that could falisfie his belief that a tweak objectively changed the sound? (That is, for instance, that could distinguish between his having imagined or  misperceived that the sound had changed?)


      Cheers.


      geoffkait,

      If you ever manage to produce anything other than a strawman when blind testing comes up, perhaps a fruitful conversation could occur.

      So, clearthink, you accept the in-principle validity of blind testing?  


      Good.
      If that's the case, then you personally would not fit the profile of the pure subjectivist I'm referencing.


      Note that many purely subjectivist "golden ears" reject it.  In many of these threads they have said essentially "I am fully confident in my ability to use my ears to determine questions of audible differences."




      cd318

      By the way prof I understand your zip cord is obviously phenomenal sound wise, it must be because you told us, but is it directional (just in case), and what insulation material does it use?

      All that stuff doesn’t matter. I mean, it’s always enticing if there’s a technical story for my wires, but ultimately I’m not trying to help verify my subjective impressions with measurements or technical mumbo jumbo. All that counts is what I hear.

      And my ears tell me that when I did a shoot out between zip cable and various brands like Nordost, the upgrade in sound quality with the zip cord was obvious. Like, it’s a joke if someone tries to tell me otherwise because I heard it so obviously.

      To those who are skeptical about zip cord sounding so much better than expensive audiophile cables: HAVE YOU TRIED IT? If not, you have no grounds for voicing an opion.

      But if you have tried it and tell me you don’t hear the superiority of zip cord, then all that tells me is you are not a very acute listener.


      I feel sorry for those who say "I can’t hear the increase in transparency, richness, detail, soundstage etc" with zip cord. The best explanation has to be that they just haven’t developed their hearing skills like some of us have. But those who know....know.
      :-)
      Andy2

      I still have faith in the intelligence of members reading this thread :)
      (Hopefully not misplaced)

      millercarbon,


      A whole series of cables were compared. The best were chosen from among many. The most expensive were not always the best. Sometimes much less expensive cables were far better. The differences were in all cases easy to hear. Never once in at least a hundred comparisons was it the least bit difficult to hear differences. It was never even that hard to decide which among several was the best.


      What a coincidence. That’s pretty much my experience comparing the radio shack zip cord to the top of the line Nordost and the Synergistic Research cables (Element Copper Tungsten Silver Speaker Cables, IIRC;p)


      The superiority of the zip cord cable was so obvious - made the Nordost and Synergistic Research cables sound "broken."



      The problem is that some people can spend a long time in this hobby, even listening to different cables, and never really end up developing the requisite listening skills. I can’t really help those that haven’t reached the level of acuity necessary to hear the superiority of zip cord speaker wire.They can claim they don’t hear the superiority, but, again, that isn’t evidence I’m not hearing it. It’s just evidence to me that you and others aren’t capable of hearing what I can hear.



      But after starting with zip cord and moving on to try all the expensive stuff, once you come back to zip cord you’ll realize like Dorothy said "There’s No Place Like Home."



      :-)
      Well I think prof's balloon bursting satire is as hilarious as The Life of Brian. YMMV.



      Gold star for you cd318!  Including for the apt analogy. ;-)




      andy2,
      I certainly can't argue with that.  Humor is as subjective as cable risers.;-)

      (And actually, producing laughs wasn't the main point).