iirc gary your cary cd-1 player is solid state output stage with ad pcm1792 chipset, very common in cdp’s in that time frame, it was known to be a little brash and thin sounding feeding a typical ss output stage, not surprised with your setup with electrostats the digital sizzle will play through
if you want to stick to your cdp for now, just use its digital out, i would suggest (in order of preference) an mhdt r2r tube buffered dac (orchid havana or atlantis), lesser choices being a musical paradise tube unit, or a border patrol dac - all in your stated price range... with these the sound will have more body and richness, less sibilance/harshness, sound more analog if you will
these dacs come up used but re-sell quickly (as many are looking for a similar solution to typical modest budget digital playback ills) or you can just buy new, still within your budget....
with pure electrostat speakers, yes you'll likely need a separate solution for better bass impact, chances are that aspect won’t be solved with a dac
also, the streaming option pointed out by another poster earlier is also worth serious consideration if you are willing to head in that direction... i would!
good luck