I hope Atmasphere is right. The man over a Vintage Tube Services in Mich. told me it is an human craft. Like Ebm says. You da man Ebm. Anyway he told me the extent they went to to produce good ones. And that to bring new tubes to the level of the good old tubes just a computerized regimented process can't really match. It hasn't yet. It sounds like it is still is a human endeavor to make the best tubes. I have had several tubes and can hear a big improvement with my NOS over new stock. Anyway it would be nice if it does.