@displayname - nice rig, shows careful choices.
As you’ve discovered, better cables would help. Consider the new Shunyata Theta line - high performance/price - TAS 2025 Product if the Year.
It would take considerable funds to upgrade turntable + arm. Maybe next best move is try another cartridge- can always use on next turntable.
Your phono preamp is a strong link- good enough for end game unless you want to explore a tube phono.
Good luck and happy spinning!