What does "transformer coupled" mean?


I've read about preamp designs that are transformer coupled (Audio Note, Supratek, others?). What's the big deal about transformer coupling?
128x128dennis_the_menace

Showing 1 response by marakanetz

Denis, It's an interesting question indeed and so far very interesting answers as well.
Clueless, I'd like to clarify if you mean IT as an Ideal Transformer?...

I was curious about transformers since my early youth and was devoted to electro-magnetizm that is widely applied in our turntable cartridges, tape heads, speakers and transformers thanks to Faraday's electro-magnetic force emf.

Secondary circuit induced emf opposes direction of primary circuit's source voltage(or signal) and so is their reactances(mainly inductive). In ideal transformer inductive reactances cancel out each other thus making such transformer free of any magnetic losses and independed of ANY freequency changes.

A real transformer have magnetic losses due to resulting inductive load and electric losses due to the wire resistance. More powerful transformers have larger coiled wire lengths, thickness of ferromagnetic core and so is larger magnetic and electric losses especially on higher freequencies due to resulting inductive load i.e. acting as a low-pass filter.

Audio freequencies considered to be technically low freequencies. A transformer will always be very close to ideal in lower freequencies than slowly loose its responce as the freequency goes higher but almost flat(compared to the capacitor) to the tolarable freequency range.

If we compare it to the coupling capacitor, well,
caps are having an issue of correct selection of the resulting reactance to fit tolerable dynamic and freequency range for the further stages and in general can bring much more distortions and/or roll-offs to the audio circuit than transformer. The main advantage of the cap is the SIZE and PRICE compared to transformer.

The advantage of transformer as a coupling device is to the degree of dynamic stability in its tolerable freequency range with further presence of roll-offs in upper region. Many of us now can realize that these roll-offs are the main reason why transformers "sound" so damn good as they're devices with naturaly built-in garbage filter.
If roll-off touches too much an audiable freequency we can apply a small feedback and make tranny's load responce much wider.