What do the different tube amp types mean?


Can someone please explain in simple terms what the different Tube amps do and soundlike? ALso, what makes a Tube different from another? >> SET, PushPull, Triode, Pentode, Ultralinear, Class A, etc;
bbchem

Showing 3 responses by atmasphere

As far as sound goes, triodes sound the best but make the least power. Class A also sounds the best, but makes the most heat.

Ultra-linear is an attempt to get a pair of pentodes to behave a little more like triodes, without sacrificing too much power- a compromise. If done right, it can be fairly successful, although no ultra-linear sounds like a triode amp.

SETs make less power than push-pull. They also sacrifice bandwidth, in return get *extremely* low distortion at low power levels. Most push-pull designs have an audible *increase* in distortion at low power levels. Low power levels is where detail resides- SETs can be a lot more detailed. Their qualities can only be tapped by high efficiency speakers however (those who say otherwise have yet to hear what their amp is capable of....).

All of the above types of amps use output transformers. The output transformer can be bypassed with audibly and measureably increased performance including low level detail and extreme bandwidth. The sacrifice is the ability to drive low impedance loads, although bigger Output TransformerLess (OTL) amplifiers can drive some surprisingly low impedances! OTLs can be triode, tetrode or pentode and they can be class A to class B and anything in between.

Execution is important and can shoot down the best concept, or support the operation of the worst. All amplifiers are sensitive to load, so you always have to be careful. In general, all tube amps perform better on speakers that are 8 ohms or more, as opposed to 4 ohms, all other things being equal. But in the end you will probably have to compare different types of amps that you can afford to find what works for you and your speakers. Have fun! and keep asking questions.
Realdeal, there are no practical OTLs using 300bs, 211s or KT88s; just for the record.
there are no practical OTLs using 300bs, 211s or KT88s; just for the record???
Correct; for example at one of the links above, there is a 300b-based OTL. It uses 4 power tubes per channel and makes 6 watts per channel (for comparison an SET using one 300b will make about 7 watts). We built a 300b OTL about 20 years ago and got a similar amount of power. If you have an idea of what 300bs cost, and compare that with the cost of the same number of 6AS7Gs (which can make 20 watts into 8 ohms), you see how this is a pretty good example of the word 'impractical'. 

You run into similar issues with the 211, KT88 and for that matter most of the power tubes commonly in use today. If you want to make a practical OTL amplifier, the three tube types most suited (due to availability and efficiency) are the 6AS7G/6H13C, 6C33 and the PL519.