Your calculation of the 18K is correct, and I feel pretty certain that your diagnosis of the bass issue is correct. The 18K load impedance divided by the 4.7K output impedance at 20 Hz is a ratio of 3.8, well under the rule of thumb guideline of a minimum of 10. And the wide variation from 410 ohms to 4.7K makes that situation particularly bad. (If the output impedance were 4.7K throughout the audio band the consequences would be mainly a slight gain reduction and increased sensitivity to cable effects, and perhaps a small degradation in the distortion performance of the preamp. While the large difference between the output impedance in the bass region and at higher frequencies, in conjunction with the heavy load impedance, will cause both frequency response issues and frequency-dependent phase shifts in the bass region).
To add to bdp24’s suggestions, a few years ago another member here, who uses Audio Research Reference series electronics, very successfully resolved a similar issue by having a tube-based buffer stage, providing suitably high input impedance and low output impedance, custom made for him by Tom Tutay of Transition Audio Design in Florida. It would be inserted between the preamp and the sub. I believe the cost was considerably less than $1K, although in his case balanced interfaces weren’t necessary. I don’t think Tom has a website, but a Google search should provide you with his contact information.
Good luck. Regards,
-- Al