Thermal Distortion your loudspeaker most likely suffers from it. But do you care?


 Thermal Distortion is much more serious than just a maximum power handling limitation or side effect.TD is overlooked by most manufacturers as there is no easy (low cost) solution and TD is audible and measurable most of the time at most power levels. TD is caused by the conductive metal (aluminum, copper, or silver) voice coil getting hotter when you pass electrical energy through it. The more power you pass through it the hotter the metal gets. The hotter the metal gets the more the electrical resistance increase. The efficiency goes down and you need to ram in more and more power for smaller and smaller increases in SPL. It can be the reason you get fatigued while listening. If you are running massive power you are creating more TD in your transducers. But do you care? And is it a reason some prefer horn-loaded designs or SET-powered systems since they have the least problems with TD? 

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Showing 2 responses by atmasphere

If high efficiency speakers are so darned good, why did the industry move away from them? So electronics makers could sell more expensive Power? Methinks not.

@ieales 

The industry moved away from higher efficiency because its expensive, when solid state power became available. Sometime during the 1960s it became obvious that transistors were substantially less expensive than tube power. So with the less expensive power came speakers that were less efficient because (no surprise here) the speaker manufacturers could make more money. As tube popularity waned, output transformers and the tubes themselves became progressively more expensive; meanwhile solid state power got cheaper.

But prior to all that, the industry moved away from field coil to permanent magnets, not because permanent magnets were better, but because they were cheaper as well! In a similar way, CDs were cheaper than LPs on both the record side and playback side.

Whenever you see movements like this, in audio traditionally its always been about increasing profit. There are things that fly in the face of this a bit, for example some manufacturers have learned how to reduce thermal compression in less efficient drivers by proper venting of the pole piece, allowing for greater cooling (although things like that can be applied to higher efficiency too...); IOW they are trying to improve the product rather than make more money on it. But that sort of thing is rare.

 

Back when tubes were king, high efficiency speakers were very common because tube power was (and continues to be) expensive.

When solid state amps were commonplace, speaker efficiency started to go down.

The problem here is that it never helps to have an amplifier drive a speaker that is a difficult load and in particular low efficiency. The result will be higher distortion from the amplifier if nothing else, and that distortion usually manifests as higher ordered harmonics, to which the ear assigns the tonality of 'harsh and bright' and is keenly sensitive to their presence since it uses them to sense sound pressure.

So we've been hearing 'harsh and bright' for 50 years now. Some is the fault of amplifier design of course, but difficult to drive speakers don't help. 

So inefficient and low impedance speakers should be avoided if you want to get the most out of your amplifier dollar investment.