Speaker efficiency vs. power requirements


Recently someone gave me the "math" behind speaker efficiency ratings and power requirements. Although I am not sure if the information below is 100% accurate, it is what I have been told. Can we lay this on the table for discussion and try to resolve this confusing issue once and for all?

0 db is a power ratio of 1. Records and tape have dynamic ranges of 30-40db. To achieve a 30db dynamic range requires a power ratio of 1,000:1 and 40 db requires 10,000:1. So if you assign 1 watt of power to a speaker yielding 90db SPL, you need 1000 watts to deliver a true 30db dynamic range. With digital material we find dynamic ranges of 60-70db requiring power ratios of 1,000,000:1 & 10,000,000:1 respectively. Power amps of 1-10 million watts are not feasible today but the point is, more power offers more dynamic realism. Forget power vs. loudness because that really is not a factor in the overall scheme.
bwhite

Showing 1 response by onhwy61

Your conclusion about amplifier requirements is not valid. Your dynamic range numbers for both analog and digital are off. Analog tape can have approximately a 60dB range. I've seen several different numbers regarding digital, but the effective range seems to be 80-85dB. The listening room also comes into play. A typical residential listening room has a background sound level of 50dB (if you live in a rural area far from trains, air routes and highways you could get down to the mid 30s). So if you set you system gain such that the softest sound level is equal to the listening room's background noise level, then you would need to produce a maximum sound pressure of 135dB to fully reproduce the digital medium's dynamic range. Assuming it could go that loud, which is a very big assumption, a 90dB sensitive speaker would require a mere 32-33,000 watts of amplifier power. With its smaller dynamic range, analog sources would only require 128 watts of amplifier power.

In the real world the above number are not particularly relevant. The measured dynamic range of recorded music rarely exceeds 40dB. Pop/rock music is typically in the 10-15dB range. Any intelligent listner rarely would listen at room sound levels above 105dB. A 90dB sensitive speaker only requires 32 watts of amplifier power to produce 105dB levels.