Jea48...I doubt that the Russians did things much different from us. It would be quite impossible to implement anything but the most primitive guidance system using tubes. Our (US) late 1950's guidance system (Polaris Mk 1) was all solid state. Later, when radiation hardening became an issue, many features, most obviously, some shielding, were incorporated, but tubes were never considered. Many features of the hardware design, and the software which runs in it, have been developed to provide immunity to high levels of radiation.
There is one case where a tube was used in a recent design, and seriously considered for the most recent design. That is a Vidicon (optical imaging tube) used in space to sight on a star in order to correct for errors accumulated during the boost phase of flight. It was difficult to develop a CCD with the necessary radiation tolerance. Immunity to radiation was the only advantage of the vidicon.