sensitivity question


A few questions regarding sensitivity.
a speaker with 90db sensitivity means roughly that it will deliver 90db at one meter distance at 1W right?
But if I’m not wrong most speakers are emitting more sound towards the drivers direction. In some way they resemble a light bulb+projector which emits light toward one specific direction. Obviously with speakers the "projector" effect is not as pronounced as with a lighting projector however the sound is mainly emitted toward one specific direction. With light bulbs which have a projector, in order to describe correctly the emitted luminous flux, you have to add the light cone degrees. In fact a spot light which opens one degree and consumes one watt delivers at one meter more lux as a light bulb of 100W at one meter which opens 180 degrees.
Wen measuring the sensitivity of a speaker do they measure only the db at one meter from the front of the speakers or do they make 8 or more measurements at 1 meter around the speaker and calculate then the medium sensitivity? If not is the actual sensitivity measurement not strongly lacking in accuracy? And in a audiophile world which has measurements in such a high regard is that lack in accuracy not wired? Thanks for any info!
128x128daros71

Showing 1 response by timlub

I will attempt to break it down to understandable terms.
Through the years, the standard for rating speaker sensitivity has always been how loud a speaker plays with 1 watt of input power with a microphone measuring 1 meter away (on axis)
This is a VERY inaccurate way of measuring. Why?
Impedance is not flat, that is why we call them impedance curves. I have seen speakers rated at 8 ohms have 3 ohm dips...
Remember Solid State amplifiers normally put out more power at lower impedances. (tubes are more consistent) So to get consistent power output to a speakers varying impedance can be tough.
So, yes 2.83 volts is 1 watt to 8 ohms, but 2 volts is 1 watt to 4 ohms and 4 volts is 1 watt to 16 ohms.
So as you can see, applying exactly 1 watt to any speaker is nearly impossible as impedance strays.
This is why I believe their should be a standard for all speakers to be measured at 2.83 volts regardless of impedance.  With this,  we will know how the sensitivity any speaker compares with a reasonable degree of accuracy.  The only thing that we would have to make sure of in an amplifier purchase would be: Can my amplifier drive this speakers impedance curve or for tubed amps (capacitive phase angles).
In my speaker builds, I believe in impedance compensation circuitry. This has always produced a better sounding speaker for me and a much more stable load, which amplifiers seem to appreciate also.