The copper wire's resistance was probably too low for the battery. Use what Rives suggested.
Be careful with the variac. Most of them are not isolation tranformers, so your wire "blade" and its associated wiring will be electrically "hot". Touching it and a ground simultaneously would be very unsafe.
Be careful with the variac. Most of them are not isolation tranformers, so your wire "blade" and its associated wiring will be electrically "hot". Touching it and a ground simultaneously would be very unsafe.