Need definitions of: Dark; Warm; and Bright


Throughout thousands of postings, the descriptive adjectives of dark, warm, and bright are employed.  What does each of them actually mean?  Are these meanings solely subjective, or can they be seen in displays of frequency responses and distortion across an audio spectrum?
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Showing 2 responses by atmasphere

Saying that tubes may be warmer and S.S. may be most of the times brighter dont push us way much along the road...
Actually it does if you understand that this phenomena is entirely the result of distortion- the tubes make the lower harmonics which the transistors do not; thus resulting in tube amps sounding warm and solid state sounding bright, even though on the bench both measure flat.

This also give the designer access to what to do about it; if a solid state amp were made with the same distortion signature as a tube amp it would also sound like one. The relative output impedances of tubes and solid state is almost irrelevant since the ear has a tipping point where it emphasizes tonality induced by distortion over tonality induced by frequency response error. That is why a tube amp potentially can sound more neutral even though it might not be as flat on a certain speaker as a solid state amp.


This is not about tubes/solid state though, its about **distortion**. We've proven that if a solid state amp has a tube-like distortion signature it will very hard to tell it from a really good tube amp. While this might appear subjective (which is what these terms are about) in the end this is the sort of thing that's easy to measure these days as well.
Then you are right we must have common words to communicate.... But some experience cannot be described by some of the words we use in audio more often... Like "bright" or "warm"....
The human ear/brain system converts all forms of distortion into tonality.

'Warm' has come to mean when a 2nd or 3rd harmonic is present, in enough quantity to mask higher ordered harmonic distortion.


'Bright' can be actual tilted high frequencies (possibly simply caused by a lack of bass) or it can also be caused by the unmasked presence of higher ordered harmonic distortion, which is interpreted by the ear as brightness (and also harshness).


Audiophiles have been using these terms with these meanings for decades FWIW.