This isn't something I'm an expert about but since you haven't gotten any other responses I'll try to help.
The acronyms in your list aren't all compression systems. In fact the only two that do involve compression are MP3 and Audible.
In a nutshell, WAV, AAC, AIFF and Apple Lossless are audio file formats that are used for either storage or transmission and all preserve the original sound you'll get from a CD. There are those who are suspicious whether the Apple Lossless format really is lossless but I'm not oone of them. Which format you encounter will depend on who created the original file or which you choose to convert to in storing or playing your own files.
MP3 is a compression scheme that throws away some data in the interest of smaller storage or download time. How close it remains to CD quality depends on the 'bit rate' of the MP3 compression but the quality always suffers somewhat relative to the original file.
Audible is simply a proprietary 'wrapper' for MP3 files distributed by audible.com and it has the same quality constraints as MP3 files since the audio data is, in fact, in an MP3 file.
