Actually, a blank is a fully functioning cartridge without the bullet.
But you see, @thecarpathian , what the action of a semi or a full auto requires to function is the gases from the combustion within the cartridge portion of the round routed back into the bolt. On a direct impinged AR15, for example, the path of the exhaust gas is through an orifice in the barrel that runs directly above the rifled portion of the barrel. Versus, for another example, the AK47, which routes the gas into a cylinder directly above the barrel where it drives a piston that operates the action. (A M1A also has a smaller cylinder with a piston that is located below the barrel.) And then, of course, you have the blowback principle where the force exerted on the cartridge portion of the round pushes it (the cartridge) back, and that is what racks the action and leaves it ready for another shot. This is common with handguns.
So what this means, is if the bullet is not traveling down the barrel IN FRONT OF THE GAS (as in a blank), the gas has no reason to route back and recock the action after firing the first shot as the gas is simply expelled out the muzzle (and obviously NOT back into the action). That doesn’t mean a semi auto cannot fire blanks, but as opposed to operating in the semi auto mode, but it needs to be manually recocked after each shot. Hence, a modification (some type of obstruction) needs to be made to the muzzle so the gas will be routed back where it needs to go. BUT, if a live round happened to be introduced to that scenario, I would think that the result would be a catastrophic barrel failure.
I will point out that although I own several semi autos, I do not and never have fired blanks out of my semis or my firearms that are not semiautos, nor do I have any desire to fire blanks, so what I know about this is from what I have read on gun forums. However, if you understand how a semi-automatic functions, and you think about it, that does make sense. If that explanation up above does not make sense, I’ll try again, just let me know. No sarcasm intended.
@gano , have you seen American Dreamer (2022)? Matt Dillon has a major supporting role, and he kills it. Excellent.