Housesound, I'm not exactly sure what you are looking for regarding tube differences. If you are looking for physical descriptions of tubes in general, and what uses to which they are typically put, do some Google research - there are a lot of books about, none of which I own so I can make no recommendation. Maybe someone else will sign in...... But while they will deal with design information I doubt that many (if any) will deal with tonal issues with specific tube type with any specificity.
Regarding the sonics of the tube used in your amp - for example while there will be a difference between an amp designed by ARC for a 6L6 type tube and an amp designed to use a 6550 they may sound more alike than not, i.e. the famous ARC house sound might dominate. If either amp had a provision for substituting in other types of tubes (as many non ARC amps do) the sonic differences would be much more pronounced. It is hard to pre-determine how any type of tube will sound (to you) when you change from that designated by the manufacturer.
I think it would be fair to say that normally you would find an amp with a 6L6/588l tube to be very linear and a little short on low frequency extension. Fairly uncolored. A 6550 whould have more 'balls' so to speak, a bigger sound, and judging by the 6550's I use a small bit of softness in the HF's, but very linear for the most part compared to some other large power tubes.
What strikes me about the different implementation of the tubes by ARC in these amps is that regardless of tube types they are producing similar power. This means to me that they are driving the 6L6's much closer to max than the 6550's. From that I would expect, at least, longer life from the 6550's, and fewer tube failures which can be a PITA with ARC amps.
Sorry I couldn't be of more/better help. BTW, a good source of information from a forum is the Tubes forum at AudioAsylum. Check it out.