I much prefer digital to vinyl, but it’s possible to get good vinyl sound but at a price. The entry level setup the OP describes won’t even get him close, which I suspect that he realizes, and therefore is wondering what the floor that he needs to spend is. At the bare minimum get a separate phono stage. I would also get off the entry level cartridge.
Personally I really like my Technics Direct drive table with my Cambridge Audio mm only phono stage. A $-300 investment for a good mm cartridge gets much better than entry level cartridges, especially in the treble. If the OP prefers mc cartridges prepare to spend more.
These prices are pre tariff.
I would therefore say spend at least $2K on a vinyl front end or don’t bother. More money will sound better.
With digital it’s easier to spend less to get satisfactory results. $2K can get a streamer/DAC that would leave most people happy for life, although this being an audiophile site, spending more gets into rarefied sound. With analog $2K gets the minimum-the floor- but leaves you a long way from the ceiling