How Does Lossless Work?

They are compression formats similar to a "zip" file and recreate the original file on the fly. You can burn a disc of off a flac or alac as a redbook cd playable in a regular player. Check the wiki...

So it does essentially unzip the file on playback? Where's the wiki?

That would be wikipedia.

The hard evidence can be demonstrated by anyone with the right tools by comparing the MD-5 signatures, CRC Frame data based on the structure of the Red Book Audio CD at the encoding level and/or doing a differential compare of the decompressed lossless file with the original file. Lossless file formats like FLAC and APE can be shown to be identical to the original bits with these tools.

Unless you have these tools lying around and think that Watkinson's or Pohlmann's books on Digital Audio are just basic introductory texts you probably will want to take someones word for it. However, even with semi pro-tools like dbpoweramp you could set up the experiment for yourself.

There are many little things that can go wrong with Digital Audio Extraction from CD that could prevent you from having a bit perfect copy and the best tools include these Checksum techniques to insure quality. However, a loss-less format conversion (with proper quality checks) can be objectively demonstrated as loss-less.

The FLAC spec link is below:
http://flac.sourceforge.net/format.html