Best Way to Upgrade Digital

Not much you can do about changes in technology, but you already have a decent DAC with the Benchmark and player in the Bluesound Node.  The Node has a DAC as well, it isn’t terrible, you should compare it to the Benchmark if you haven’t already.  Buying a Vault would consolidate everything under one component but it doesn’t make sense you already have the Node which doesn’t have a great resale value.  Also it is difficult to transfer files from the storage in the Vault to a different hard drive should you wish to go in a different direction—not impossible, but more difficult than it should be.
  What the OP needs is a place to store files and a way to rip them.  The simplest 
solution is to use a PC to edit metadata,as others have recommended.  You may need to purchase an external optical drive to rip the files if your computer doesn’t have a CD ripper.  Then store them to an external Hard Drive, which can be attached to the Node, or else played directly from the computer into the usb drive of the Benchmark.  If you play from the Node you can use the BlueOS interface, from the PC a separate program.

“HD Quality “ as used by the streaming services can be confusing.  Many of them are using the term for Redbook CD Quality recordings.  Amazon and Apple are particularly guilty of this.  Audiophiles think of High Resolution as 24/96 minimum.
Would I rather listen to a 24/96 Qobuz file than a red book CD from my collection?  In general, yes, but not all HD files are truly High Resolution…so Buyer Beware 

You absolutely can rip files to the external hard drive.  You just designate the HD as the ultimate destination for the files to be stored.  If you decide to go that route you need a ripping program such as dbPoweramp or Exact Audio Copy.  Make sure that your computer has enough USB ports to be attached to the Optical Drive and the HD simultaneously.
  I used an Apple Optical Drive for a while.  It’s fast but it did make a few errors here and there.  I now use a Melco Optical drive but it has to be used with Melco HD and Player and that is beyond your budget but the rips are pristine.  If you keep your current DAC and Node then you have a lot of budget to spend on hard drive and ripper.  You want to do the rips well, particularly if you are discarding the CDs afterwards .  You may want to investigate the computer peripheral market to see what the best optical drives are
  As far as HD go, if you decide that you might be playing the files in more than one system, then you might want a server (Network Associated Server, NAS), but if one system is it, then a simple HD will suffice 

Oh, geez, does anyone really want to reanimate the CD vs Vinyl argument?