Yes, keep the TT output cable as short as possible. It’s carrying a very low level signal, and thus is more prone to noise and other issues.
On the other hand, the phono preamp out is "line level" and fine with a longer cable. I, too, prefer balanced connections if the gear on both ends supports them. If you can use them, you can have cables made up from Mogami W2549 cable and Neutrik connectors by a Pro Audio shop (if you are in the USA, ProAudioLA does great work) for about US$100 a pair or less, depending on length, of course. I found them far superior to $2000 "audiophile" cables.
On the other hand, the phono preamp out is "line level" and fine with a longer cable. I, too, prefer balanced connections if the gear on both ends supports them. If you can use them, you can have cables made up from Mogami W2549 cable and Neutrik connectors by a Pro Audio shop (if you are in the USA, ProAudioLA does great work) for about US$100 a pair or less, depending on length, of course. I found them far superior to $2000 "audiophile" cables.