Fuzzy distortion on vinyl........Stylus issue?

My first step would-be to clean the stylus dipping it gently into a Magic Eraser 2-3 times and then brushing it off with a stylus brush (gobs of info as to how to do it safely in the A'Gon forums).

If doing so is not a remedy then go from there.

What you describe is the typical sound a caked/dirty stylus/needle.

DeKay

Your problem takes me back to the bad ole' days, the 1950's-1970's.  When no amount of cleaning of the stylus would help and no loose screws needed to be tightened I knew it was time to just get a new needle.  I must say, too, that some of my old 45 rpm singles have always been so afflicted.  It's one of the banes of analog existence.  It's one of the reasons that other formats came to pass.

Could be non-fill issues on some of your records.....With good light you can see non-fill on the surface, many people say it looks like a strand of pearls.

My turntable is a Pro-ject Carbon Debut. As I recall, I purchased it back in 2015 and the cartridge was installed from the factory. I did follow the guide when setting it up, it doesn't skip tracks, but doesn't sound exactly "clean or clear". I have cleaned the stylus, maybe I should jump to an Ortofon Bronze?

You should pay more attention to the set-up.