Current Trends in multi thousand dollar speakers


Have any of you been paying attention to the current trends in larger multi-woofer speakers that cost multiple thousands of dollars? So that many of you can follow along, i'll use the Legacy Focus 20/20's at $6K, the Piega C8's at $15K and the Aerial 20T's at $23K as points of reference. All of these have been reviewed in Stereophile over the last few months. If you're not familiar with these, all of them are vertical dynamic designs using multiple woofers in vented cabinets.

If you look at the response of of these speakers, they all have very pronounced bass peaks with elevated low frequency plateau's taking place. Of these three, the Legacy's are by far the worst of the bunch. Not only do they diverge from neutrality the most ( +7 dB peak @ 100 Hz ), their elevated bass output or "low frequency plateau" levels out at 40 Hz and at 400 Hz. That is over 3+ octaves of "extra" output that wasn't on the recording. Above 400 Hz, the output levels off with very noticeable rippling slightly above that point in the midrange and multiple large peaks with a dip up in the treble response. Below 40 Hz, the output drops like a rock. The reason that the plateau levels out at 40 Hz is because of the associated sharp roll-off associated with vents below their point of resonance.

To sum things up, this speaker, which Paul Bolin raved about in Stereophile, is anything but "smooth" or "linear" in reproduction. As can be seen in the graphs, there is a very definite "boom & sizzle" type of response taking place here. As a side note, i found that the Legacy Signature III's showed a similar large bass peak centered at appr 100 - 110 Hz, so this would seem to be a consistent design attribute / "house sound" / "family voice" to Legacy speakers.

Moving onto the Piega's, their overall response looks to be measurably smoother than the Legacy's from the midrange on up. As far as bass goes, the Piega's peak occurs at an amplitude of +5 dB's and is centered at appr 85 Hz. Their "bass plateau" is quite wide, actually just as wide as that of the Legacy. Both show the same appr "elevated output" aka "bloat" from about 40 Hz to 400 Hz. Much like the Legacy's, the Piega shows the typical sharp roll-off below 40 Hz due to the output of the vent being out of phase with that of the undamped woofer. Even though both speakers show very similar plateau's and a similar F3 ( -3 dB point ), the Legacy's bass plateau has both a higher peak and a higher average.

Moving up to the $23K price range, we've got the Aerial 20T's. Similar to the Piega's, the Aerial's are reasonably smooth in response from the mids on up with a few low amplitude peaks and dips. Side by side comparisons though, it would appear that the Piega's are a little "flatter".

When it comes to low frequency performance, the Aerial's produced a +5 db peak centered at appr 60 Hz. Of the three speakers mentioned here, the amplitude of the peak is the same of the Piega's ( +5 dB's ), which is much lower ( 66% reduction ) than that of the +7 dB peak of the Legacy's. Even with this 66% reduction of the peak amplitude at resonance compared to the Legacy's, we are still talking about a divurgence of +5 dB's here!!!

As far as the "bass plateau" goes with the 20T's, this speaker is much more linear than either of the above. While the Aerial's also level out at appr 40 Hz and drop like a rock below that point, the upper end of the bass region is MUCH smoother. Whereas the others were contributing added output up to appr 400 Hz, the Aerial's are leveling out at appr 120 Hz or so. In effect, the Aerial's appear to offer the most controlled bass with the least amount of bass colouration. Then again, they are by far the most expensive also.


As far as low frequency extension is concerned, the Aerial's resonance peak is centered the lowest of the three i.e. 60 Hz for the Aerial's vs 85 Hz for the Piega's and 100 Hz for the Legacy. Even though the Aerial's have a resonance that is 25 Hz below that of the Piega's and 40% lower in frequency than the Legacy's, all of their -3 dB points are within a very few Hz of each other. While the graph's aren't completely legible, it appears that the F3 ( -3 dB point ) for all of these speakers are right about 34 - 38 Hz or so. How do such different designs achieve similar F3's? It has to do with the tuning of the vents and the amplitude of the peaks at resonance.

By creating a huge peak at resonance, it takes longer for the amplitude of the signal to fall off. As such, the Legacy's much larger peak at resonance allows it to achieve appr the same F3 on paper that the other designs worked harder to achieve. As such, were the Legacy's designed this way because they like the sound of massive bloat? Were they designed this way so that they could claim a lower F3? Could it be a combo of the two? We'll probably never know.

What does all of this add up to? Judged in comparison to each other and strictly talking about bass linearity, the Aerial looks the best on paper by far. Why just on paper? Because we have to factor in the added gain associated with in-room response. Our ears hear the entire presentation i.e. the speaker and how the speaker loads up / pressurizes & excites the room. As such, what looks the best on paper may not be what you like the most in your room. If you're room is properly set-up, the results on paper and the results in the room should pretty well jive. That is, at least as far as frequency response & linearity go. There are a LOT of other factors going on here though, not to mention personal preference.

What happens if the room isn't properly set up? Compared to anechoic responses, all speakers will have greater output / added extension when placed in an average listening room. While specific speaker placement comes into play in terms of the extension and amount of boost, most rooms will produce maximum ouput somewhere in the 50 - 80 Hz range. Obviously, this varies with the size and shape of the room.

The net effect is that these speakers are going to produce even MORE bass than what they already show in these graphs. Not only are we picking up low frequency output from what is called "room gain" ( "cabin gain" in a vehicle ) by pressurizing the room, we are also going to be exciting the resonances of the room too. All of this adds up to GOBS more "apparent bass". Add in the fact that this bass lacks speed and control* and you've got "bloated, ill-defined thump" running rampant.

Other than that, one has to wonder just how extended the bass response of these designs would be if they didn't have such HUGE peaks? After all, the higher the peak at resonance, the lower the -3 dB point of the speaker appears to be. Do we have to add "bloat" to get extension? How do you get around all of this and still keep good sound? That's easy but it is a completely different subject : )

What i want to know is, what do you folks think about this type of performance at these price levels? Is there anything that we can learn from this? Do we see a specific trend taking place here and in other parts of the audio market? Inquiring minds want to know : ) Sean
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* vented designs all suffer from a lack of transient response, increased ringing, over-shoot and phase problems. In this respect, a well designed port is typically "more linear" than a passive radiator.
sean
Twl: I think that there is a BIG difference between poor tonal balance and proper timbre. Tonal balance has to do with frequency response linearity. Timbre has to do with pitch, harmonic structure and transient response. Judging from what the market is buying and manufacturers are selling, it doesn't seem as if either are important.

Jrd: For some manufacturers, the goal of achieving utmost accuracy and purity of signal leads towards price no object components. Other manufacturers ride the price escalation train and simply raise their prices without the associated effort or increase in performance. To be fair, it takes time, money and research to build the best product that you can. To expect phenomenal results at very low costs is simply day-dreaming. On the other hand, paying tall cash without obtaining some type of performance returns demonstrates a complete lack of value.

Drubin: For your reference on each review mentioned:

Fig 5 p 80 Legacy review states: "Legacy Focus 20/20, anechoic response on ribbon-tweeter axis at 50".... As a side note, the HUGE bass peak measured here would be even more prominent if sitting off axis of the tweeters. Given that the tweeters are 45" above floor level and an MTM array drastically limits vertical dispersion, one could expect an even boomier tonal balance. The phenomenal peaks at ( +5 dB's @ 6K and +8 dB's @ 12K ) may help balance this out though due to psycho-acoustics.

Fig 4 p 114 Piega C8 LTD review states "anechoic response on tweeter axis at 50". Once again, as one moves further off axis of the tweeter, either vertically or horizontally, bass response will seem to become stronger due to treble response softening. At least with the Piega, the tweeter appears to be closer to the average seated listening height. Compared to the Legacy which was reviewed in the same issue, Piega's would therefore sound "brighter" ( or "leaner" depending on perspective ) than the Legacy's with their tweeter positioned off axis. You have to compare apples to apples.

The Aerial review fig 5 p 137 states "anechoic response on tweeter axis at 50"... Given the height and position of the tweeter in this speaker, the perceived tonal balance might soften on top a bit compared to the Piega but would also be "hotter" than that of the Legacy. That's because the tweeter is centered between the two different speakers in terms of listening height.

As far as your comments about "non-humped" bass NOT sounding "right", that's because people aren't used to natural sound and don't listen to acoustically performed music. They have been "brainwashed" into thinking that elevated bass response, poor transient response and swapping more "apparent" bass aka "bloat" for true extension to be "normal" and how things should sound. As i've commented before, most people hear but they don't know how or what to listen for. Part of this could be personal preference, part of it could be a lack of familiarity with how instruments really sound.

As far as naming specific speakers go, that would be hard to do, especially in stock form. Can you point me to a well designed speaker that offers coherent arrival of the sound, linear in frequency response without major abberations, offers minimal ringing at any given frequency while producing good bass extension? Quite honestly, i can't think of a single modern day product that meets that criteria. Then again, finding one that was ever produced would still be tough : )

Nutella: Kudo's to you. Keep reading and learning. you'll end up with a better system and a lot more money in your pocket. Those that can't figure things out for themselves and get their information from the "candyman", who claims that sugar and starch don't cause tooth decay, are doomed to deal with a lot of "rot".

Agaffer: There are single driver speakers that produce deep and powerful bass, they just aren't made anymore. As to being "accurate", they can do that too, so long as spl's aren't climbing. There's much to be said for a speaker that produces the proper timbre with good dimensionality. If you don't know what timbre is, read my response to Twl.

Ed: Compared to many of the other offerings available, i would agree with you. That is, the Aerial probably is a better sounding speaker than most of the stuff out there. Given that i've never even heard these, i can tell that they have more design effort into them than many others. Reading the test results and knowing how to interpret them, it isn't hard to judge their over-all linearity, phase response, dispersion characteristics, etc... as being as good or better than much of the "high dollar" competition. Then again, there is obviously a LOT of room for improvement in this design, so what does that tell you? It tells me that either it costs more to build a great speaker than $23K will buy or the manufacturers aren't doing their homework.

Bigtee: I think that you are going to join me and a few others in the "outcasts of the audio society" if you keep saying things like this.

Drubin: Yes, linear response is the building block of both a pleasent and accurate system. If linearity doesn't matter, you might as well start using your old 10 band graphic EQ to colour the response to your personal tastes. After all, what's the difference in 5 - 8 dB's boost or cut if done at the speaker or at the EQ???

Bigtee: Thiel's and Vandy's both have problems with bass response linearity. Passive's are slower than ports in terms of transient response.

Other than that, my one major question is: Why don't speaker designers take into account the accepted "facts" of a normal installation and incorporate these attributes into their designs? Room gain, seated listening height, reflections, etc... along with linearity, transient response, etc... all seem to be "foreign words" to most of these folks. Sean
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The Vandersteen 2's and 3's use a design where the enclosure is sealed with an active acoustic coupler below 35hz which does act somewhat like a passive radiator reacting to the front woofer. However, since the drivers are active, it gives you the best of both worlds. I have not found the Vandersteen bass to not be linear. Maybe I'm miss understanding the term linear. With this setup, the bass goes smoothly from its upper range to a roll off around the 30-35 hz area. Compared to other speakers in this price range, it's pretty darn good. I also think it performs better than ported speakers. Its transient response may not be the worlds best but for the price, it will compete with anything in its class. Of course I have gotten around this somewhat by using a pair of Vandersteen subs and rolling out the bass below 80hz.
The model 5 and 5A are not passive at all using a powered subwoofer. When set up properly, they offer extremely powerful, articulate and clean bass. I know of no other speaker that comes close to the performance of the 5/5A's performance at anywhere close to the price.
It is amazing at the performance Vandersteen can offer for these prices in both design and quality. It is certainly more difficult to design a time coherent and acoustically correct phase speaker.
I think the measured and published specifications speak for themselves for his speakers compared to any price but more especially at what they can be had for.
My point is back to the original statement, why is it that costs can be so high for a speaker that doesn't perform as well or any better than a speaker selling for $10000 less. It has got to make you wonder.
One thing that's overlooked when analyzing speaker frequency response graphs is that they don't tell the complete story. It is assumed that a "flat" response oozes performance but that is only true in a laboratory environment. In the listening world: a box speaker has two cabinets - one behind the driver (the enclosure) and one in front of the driver (the room). The room effect is very similar to that of the enclosure - that is, it affects the frequency response and other parameters the way that the enclosure does only to a less extent due to the increased volume.

So when a crossover is designed based on the driver T/S parameters, enclosure volume, port size, etc, the attempt is to not only optimize the frequency response but phase, impedance, incursion, acoustic power etc. When all is well and done, these are measured without the effects of the room (anechoic chamber) and presented for all to see. But this doesn't really say much about the sound in an enclosed room. The room itself will throw these carefully crafted measurements out the window. That's when the listening tests come in. By tweaking this cap here and that resistor there, a best sound is determined and the stuff is packed and marketed. But after the tweaking process, the original perfomance curves are different than the original design. The in-room listening process forced it to depart from "flat". So what? If it sounds $15k better than the other stuff, well...

It all boils down to how it sounds. Measurements and specs just confuse things with respect to speakers, IMO.