young and new to analog.

There is a wealth of previous threads that cover this topic you might want to explore.

There are some systems that will do very well with some music and not others, and some systems that will do everything well. Yours will at least need to be able to play loud and have good deep tight bass by the sound of it. Many systems will not be optimal for this. In addition, many of the recordings you like may not sound good, at least to my ears, on a system that tends towards brightness and/or thinness.

The amp question should be considered in tandem with your speaker choice. I would keep to the higher impedance with a relatively flat impedance plot and higher sensitivity end of the spectrum, such as a minimum of 89dB sensitivity and preferably 8 ohm impedance. That will mate well with tube amps and particularly single ended triode amps if you choose to go that route.

A good conditioner can make a big difference, particularly in high resolution systems. If you are keeping the budget low, it may not be a priority, at least at first. You can always add one later. My advice is always to stretch the budget on what you absolutely need, one piece at a time, then upgrade things like cables etc. later.