Interesting question. I would think, considering that the L-4000's output impedance is low (150 ohms) and is described as being constant with frequency, and considering that the connections are all balanced, it may not make any difference which of those connection methods you use.
However, my instinct would be to have the splitter just ahead of the power amp, with a single run from the preamp to the splitter, and a short run from the splitter to the sub.
That minimizes the amount of cable capacitance that may affect the signal to the power amp by interacting with the preamp's output impedance -- if you had separate runs to the power amp and to the sub, the capacitance of the cable to the sub would add to the capacitance of the cable to the main amp in affecting the signal seen by the main amp (although that effect would be very small, because of the preamp's low output impedance).
Also, having a short connection between power amp and sub keeps their grounds as common with each other as possible, perhaps reducing the likelihood of ground loop issues (although that likelihood is very low in any event, due to the use of balanced connections).
Good luck!
-- Al
However, my instinct would be to have the splitter just ahead of the power amp, with a single run from the preamp to the splitter, and a short run from the splitter to the sub.
That minimizes the amount of cable capacitance that may affect the signal to the power amp by interacting with the preamp's output impedance -- if you had separate runs to the power amp and to the sub, the capacitance of the cable to the sub would add to the capacitance of the cable to the main amp in affecting the signal seen by the main amp (although that effect would be very small, because of the preamp's low output impedance).
Also, having a short connection between power amp and sub keeps their grounds as common with each other as possible, perhaps reducing the likelihood of ground loop issues (although that likelihood is very low in any event, due to the use of balanced connections).
Good luck!
-- Al