Use of isolation transformer


For about a week now I've been using a 160 watt isolation transformer over my NuForce DAC-9 D/A converter(power consumption: 9 watts). I was recommend this by an audio-friend who said that my HTPC and "analogue switching amp," a NuForce Stereo 8.5V3, could possibly "contaminate" the power to the DAC-9 (via the return-wires, I suppose?) being that they're all coupled through the same power distributor(i.e., I don't use a power distributor per se - the bare wires are connected directly; leadwire to leadwire, return- to return, and earth to earth). Actually, about a few months ago I started out by placing an isolation transformer over my HTPC, to good sonic effect, and then proceeded with an extra one over my DAC-9 to possibly "shield" it from whatever noise may be emitted backwards through the power cord from the power amp - or even from the power wall-outlet. There was nothing conclusive or overly presumptive about the use of isolation transformers as proposed by my friend(who has incorporated the same tweak in his, in some respects, roughly similar stereo setup) in regards to the hypothesized effect or its theoretical (dis-)advantages; it was simply a suggestive "what if?"

Now, the use of an isolation transformer over the DAC-9 has a definitive sonic effect, and one that I would also call an overall improvement. My immediate, and remaining impressions are that a more finely resolved/differentiated top end, a more full sounding and clearly outlined midrange(more organic, even), and a better integrated and "coherently distributed" low end. In fact, coming about these three frequency spectrums in a rather disparate fashion, necessary it may be, feels a bit awkward in that the overall impression is that of a rather homogenous presentation.

However, another friend of mine who came over some days ago, remarked, upon listening to my setup, that while he conceded the mids had become more full and present sounding since his last listen(i.e., prior to the iso. transformer over the DAC), and better integrated with the low end as well, he found that the reverberative nature of the top end had become somewhat constricted - and to be honest, I had thougt about this as well. Moreover, he now found the width of the soundstage had been narrowed, instead hearing a more center-focused soundstage. This, also, I could confirm via my own impressions, though contrary to him I find it to be a more distinct quality, and even disagreed on the narrowing of the soundstage width.

Being that my friend had made verbal the observations on the top end's reverberative less lively nature, and that I found this to be in tandem with my own impressions, I thought it possibly illuminating to remove the isolation transformer from the DAC powerline and see how its omission would affect the reproduction in this area. In short, after a few seconds of listening with the transformer removed it was clear to me that the sound had not only changed, but also (subjectively) deteriorated; the overall presentation seemed to have fallen apart as if a connective (invisible) glue was missing, the center-fill and fullness of the mids lacked sorely, the ease of flow likewise, and the top end appeared less resolved and now exhibiting a white-ish or pale "color" patina to it; a more withdrawn, less spacious and anonymous sound - simply not as involving. That is also to say: the top end energy or reverberative nature seemed in no discernable way to improve or correct the beforementioned "shortcoming," if indeed that's what it really is.

Having now re-inserted the isolation transformer over my DAC the sonic presentation has yet again fallen well into place, though periodically the round-ish nature of the highs, extremely well differentiated and resolved they truly are, continue to come off a tad uninvolving with some music as if the slightest "edge" is missing. Everything in me tells me the general imprinting of the isolation transformer is that of leading to a definate sonic improvement save for this small issue, making me believe that another issue in my audio chain could have been addressed this way. It could also be that over time one has become more or less accustomed to a slight excess of energy in the highs, or simply a specific sonic nature here, that the more finely resolved and organic presentation leads me to believe sometimes that something is missing. Or, that the fullness of the mids and (soundstage-)center presence has somehow reverted attention from the highs to the lower frequencies. Anyhow, it's an interesting and overall satisfying developement of the sound, but also one that may have exposed improvements or changes could be made elsewhere - if indeed over more time I should conclude that more top end reverberative energy is needed.

I would appreciate the input of others who're using isolation transformers in front of their stereo setups as well - be it either (though preferably) with smaller and separately placed isolation transformers, or large singular ones used over the outlet group feeding the entire setup - possibly even on a related note to what I'm writing above both with regard the general nature of the perceived sonic changes isolation transformers lead to, as well as more specifically, where noticed, the reverberative or overall nature of the highs.
128x128phusis

Showing 5 responses by jea48

Phusis,

A test you may want to preform on your current ISO transformer is to check the AC phasing to see if it matches the AC wall outlet your other equipment is plugged into.

If the output of the ISO xfmr is in phase with the wall outlet there should be little or no difference of potential, voltage, between the hot contacts of the two receptacles.

If the two are out of phase the voltage will be 240V nominal.

Jim
Can you rewire a medical grade isolation transformer so that it becomes a balanced transformer?
06-02-12: Sabai
Depends on the transformer design and voltage rating.

Here is one example.
If the xfmr has dual primary windings and can be wired for 120V or 240, and the secondary has 2 windings that can be wired for 120V or 120/240V out then yes.

The two primary windings would be configured, wired in series, for 240V. The two leads, H1 and H4, would connect to the 120V mains.

The two secondary windings would also be wired in series.
The center tap of the two series connected winding X2 and X3 will tie to the chassis of the transformer, equipment grounding conductor of the feed power cord, and the green equipment ground terminal screw of the receptacle that is connected to the output of the xfmr X1 and X4.

Two things I should disclose here.
To meet safety codes the balanced power configured ISO xfmr must be wired with a cord and plug for powering the unit. (This makes the unit a NON NEC code issue.

And more important the 120V secondary must be GFCI protected.

For a hard wired ISO xfmr many recommend the primary to be fed balanced power 240V and the secondary single ended 120V. (Hot with a neutral grounded secondary.)
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I must stress that the ISO transformers I'm using only sports four wires (per trsf) in all, two on each side.
06-04-12: Phusis

Phusis,

Yes I assumed that to be the case.......

That is why I suggested you check to make sure the 120V AC grounded output of the ISO xfmr was in phase with the 120V branch circuit that feeds the rest of your IC connected audio equipment.

Basically it sounds like that is what you have done through listening tests by switching the secondary output leads of the xfmr. (Changing which one of the output winding leads that is made the grounded neutral conductor.)

My test would have told you if the xfmr secondary hook up to the 120V receptacle phasing matched that of the 120V branch circuit wall receptacle.

Just insert one test probe of the volt meter in the "hot" small slot contact of the receptacle that is connected to the output of the ISO xfmr and the other test probe in the "hot" small slot contact of the wall receptacle.

If the 2 hots are in phase the voltage should read near zero volts.
If the 2 hots are out of phase the reading will be 240V nominal.
.
Is there even a general consensus on differentiating the in-phase and out-of-phase sound when ISO trsf's are in use? I seem to have made no similarly discernable sonic observations in regards to power phasing when no ISO trsf's have been in use,
06-06-12: Phusis

It has the same effect as 2 dedicated 120V branch circuits that are, or are not, fed from the same Line, leg, from the electrical panel.

It will be interesting to see what the voltage reading will be as compared to what sounds best to your ears.

A word of caution.... If the ISO xfmr is wired out of phase,
with respect to the wall outlet the rest of your IC connected audio equipment is plugged into, the 240V nominal power is real power. Not phantom or capacitive coupled. 240V can be lethal.
Ok, measurements from today's test are revealed below. I must add that my setup - DAC, poweramp, and HTP - is star-grounded, and I live in a 2nd floor apartment(build '58) in Denmark.

Denmark,.... my bad for not checking your bio.... I thought I was responding to someone that lived in the USA or Canada.

None of the ISO transformers are grounded.
Are you saying you are floating the secondary of the ISO xfmrs? Neither secondary lead of the secondary winding is intentionally connected to ground creating a grounded neutral conductor and thus a new separately derived grounded AC system?

If the secondary of the two ISO xfmrs are indeed floating you have created a potential electrical safety hazard.

Does the branch circuit and wall receptacle in your apartment have a safety equipment ground?

If the secondary of the ISO xfmr is floating the voltage measurements you took are basically meaningless other than maybe giving you the AC polarity orientation of the ISO xfmr. The measured difference of potential measurements are more than likely due to capacitance coupling of the primary winding to the secondary winding.

If one lead of the ISO xfmrs were connected to the main electrical service grounding system the voltage measurements would have been more like in phase zero volts or maybe just a few volts.
Out of phase close to 390V. Approximately twice the 195V mains voltage of the apartment.
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