Speaker impedance patterns - how to read them?


I know this has probably been discussed ad nauseam, but here's my question. I'm grateful for any sensible opinion.

Premise.
A speaker system may have a complex impedance pattern that can vary from 3-ohms to 30-ohms depending on frequency. Some speaker systems with similar impedance patterns may be stated as being 8-ohm loads because the speaker is 8 ohm in an important part of its frequency response, but only there.
A tube amp, as a voltage amplifier, likes a regular impedance pattern. Almost no speaker system has a constant, regular impedance pattern. I am aware that solid state, powerful amps are built to compensate for modern speakers' complex impedance patterns, but there are tube amps around and people who love them. It's difficult to understand what average load a given speaker system will present to the amp.

Question.
When looking for suitable speakers for a tube amp - mine is a PrimaLuna EVO 100, 40w x 2 from EL34s - what must be looked at? How to best interpret the impedance pattern, whenever available? Assuming that one listens at normal levels in a medium-sized room, what are the criteria for matching speaker and amp?

Thanks for your views. M.
martinguitars

Showing 1 response by audiokinesis

Published loudspeaker frequency response is virtually always measured with a solid state amp which puts out increased wattage into an impedance dip, and decreased wattage into an impedance peak. Most speakers are "voiced" for this type of amplifier.

Relative to a solid state amp, a tube amp puts out more wattage into the impedance peaks, and less wattage into the impedance dips. So the speaker’s frequency response will be modified accordingly. In general the lower the speaker’s impedance, the more pronounced this effect.

Ime a relatively high and smooth impedance curve tends to work well with tube amps. The bass impedance peaks can sometimes be manipulated a bit by lowering the port tuning frequency, and/or adding damping material inside the cabinet, if necessary.

Occasionally you find a loudspeaker whose impedance curve zigs where its frequency response curve zags, and that can work well with tube amps. I recall seeing such "complementary" measurements for one or two Silverline Audio models.

I’d suggest asking the loudspeaker manufacturer whether they recommend tube amps for their speakers. Audio show reports can also be a source of information about amp/speaker pairings.

See this paper by amp designer Ralph Karsten:  

http://www.atma-sphere.com/en/resources-paradigms-in-amplifier-design.html  

Duke
tube amp dealer, tube-friendly speaker designer