You are correct in your understanding of what "room nodes" are. I do not understand the math behind room nodes either, but the amroc page was really intended to show you what the "node frequencies" are and where they are the loudest (most pressure). The locations where they are the loudest are the best places to put bass absorption panels (which are generally located in the front/rear corners).
If you were buying GIK, I recommended the Monster Bass Traps with the FlexRange Limiter because it excels in absorbing the 80-120 frequency range and it also does not absorb as much mids/highs. You could get the triangle shaped bass traps if you wanted (these are the GIK TriTraps). They will have only a little bit better absorption in the very low frequencies (such as 40-60hz), but it is not much better than the Monster Bass Traps. However, the Monster Bass Traps with the FlexRange Limitor have a significantly better absorption in the 80-120hz area. See measurement reports here:
http://gikacoustics.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/11/RAL-Tri-Trap-J-Mount.pdf
To give you a point of reference, I have 14 sound panels in my room. Only 4 are full absorption types:
6 - Owens 703 FRK 2"
4 - Roxul Rockboard 80 2" (full absorption)
2 - Monster Bass Traps 7" with Flexrange Limiter
2 - Limp Mass panel bass panel tuned to 63 hz
Four of the 703 FRK are partially covered with towels - this was me tuning how much high-frequency reflections I actually had in the room. The FRK panels actually worked very well in doing bass absorption down to 70-80 hz and would be an excellent alternative to the GIK Monster Bass Traps.
I did not double-up my FRK panels to make 4" panels. I used black Guilford of Main fabric to cover them, which is more expensive at about $14 per yard from ATS Acoutics. It requires 1.5 yards to cover one 2'x4' panel. I just wrap the cloth around back and use spray glue to glue it on the back side of the panel (no side frame). You could use duct tape if you wanted to. The cloth is purely aesthetic and has no impact to the acoustics. You can get very cheap burlap cloth (it would look crappy), but it would work fine.
Look in the ATS Acoustics clearance section for some deals. They are currently selling grey burlap for $0.50/yard.
If you are under a tight budget, a 6-pack of 2" 703 FRK panels is $109 plus shipping from ATS Acoustics. They are an excellent source and I have used them several times. This will allow you to completely fill your front/rear corners (you can cut a panel in half to make a 2x2). Just sit them in the corners at an angle. They are VERY light and stiff enough that you don't need a frame. You can use your existing 703 for 1st reflection or SBIR points.
I think the Monster Bass Traps with FlexRange limiter will probably be better, but they are significantly more expensive at $127 per panel.