If you are looking for something that sounds particularly dynamic, but without a lean sound that emphasizes upper frequency attack on transients, that is a tough order (I.e., not some kind of fake dynamics). The only phono stage that I really liked that seemed particularly notable for dynamics was the Lyra Connoisseur, but that has not been made in more than ten years, and I doubt that anyone would give one up for under $20k.
I listen primarily to digital sources, but, I am still quite surprised by the OP finding digital to be much more "robust" and dynamic. That may be the case with classical music, where the extreme dynamics makes noise an issue so it is harder to set the volume level to get the full impact of peaks without ticks and pops being really intrusive in lower volume passages, but, for most popular music first issued on records, the original records usually sound more dynamic than the digital versions.
I don't know if the lack of dynamics has to do with the OP's phono stage, or cartridge, or setup (loading and VTA/SRA affect dynamics a lot), or overall system matching and compatibility. I would not assume that it is the phono stage that is the biggest contributor to the sense of a lack of dynamics. To me, the choice of cartridge matters a lot more. Someone above mentioned the Decca cartridges, and that indeed is an example of a very dynamic and exciting cartridge. There are other examples, particularly low output moving coils, that do dynamics quite well too.