I blew up my receiver. Now what?

Ok. I can see clearly that you need some good advise, no one has done so, so I’ll jump in...
Before you remove the cover to see what fried, UNplug the receiver from the wall socket. 

Treat 220v with respect, it will kill you. Luckily you are not toast like the unit.
With different plugs and sockets across Europe for 220v I guess you went with two prongs, a live and neutral and no ground......not safe, especially when you unplugged the cable, had the breaker not tripped the cable could have melted in you hand. The breaker should have tripped immediately?

So I've enjoyed the confident pronouncements of my receiver's certain death. But for €30, the hi-fi shop down the street replaced the fuse, and the unit is good as new.

My thanks to slsemans2, who had the correct answer.

Time to buy a new one ....you cooked it...

That is one heavily marked up fuse, but good to hear.  You were lucky.   The other devises  you haven't fried yet are designed for 110 or 220, either works.   Most things are not.    Read the labels on your equipment,  this tells you what you need to know!