... how important is Damping factor in determining what amp to buy


Hi there...

Just how important is damping factor in determining what amp to buy?

In literature and specs - I find this is an often left-out bit of info...


justvintagestuff

Showing 3 responses by kijanki

Vibration of the speaker membrane, without signal, causes back EMF producing current that flows in opposite direction working against membrane motion, hence damping vibration. This current (damping effect) depends on the total resistance in the circuit including amp’s output, wires resistance, woofer’s choke resistance and speaker’s impedance (source impedance) itself, that is mostly resistive. All this will limit maximum possible "DF" to about 1. As long a amplifier doesn’t add to this limitation, there should be no difference in sound. AMP with DF =10 will affect overall damping only by 10%. Very high DF (my amp has 4000), come either from the output configuration or negative feedback used to reduce distortions, widen the bandwidth etc. Even shallow 20dB negative feedback will reduce output impedance ten times.

Damping Factor plays one very important role - it can be used to impress customers.

As for NGF - it is a wonderful tool when it is used wisely. It improves pretty much everything (bandwidth, distortions, output impedance etc). It might produce TIM distortions (higher odd harmonics, overshoot in time domain) for faster changing signals, because of increased amps gain caused by late summing of delayed output signal (phase shift). Reducing bandwidth at the input, perhaps to one that amp had without feedback, should prevent TIM. That would require designing a stable wide bandwidth amp with low distortions to start with. The main problem is that designers use cheap parts and poor circuits trying to fix it with deep feedback. For instance, very popular output transitors 2N3055 have very nonlinear h21e (Beta) - a current gain vs current. There are much better choices but they cost more money (2N3055 cost less than $1). NGF is pretty much free.
Al, I agree, but when people refer to DF (including this discussion), they mention control of the woofer.  The effects of complex load should diminish when source impedance is 10 times smaller than the load.  DF=20 should be a good choice.   At this point I would prefer output impedance that is constant with frequency over high DF.  My amp's output impedance varies from 0.002ohm@5Hz to about 1ohm@20kHz.  Tweeter's impedance is very high at 20kHz but there usually is some network of resistor in series with capacitor, parallel to the tweeter.  Can this affect the sound?

One more thing about control of the speaker at low frequencies - amplifier might be the one that is uncontrolled.  Audio amps are designed often with assumption that they will play 20-20kHz.  Because of that, they are often equipped with servo on DC that has bandwidth of few Hz.  Presence of very low frequencies coming form the source (movie, TT vibration, special effect etc) can make this servo to overcompensate and go crazy (unstable) affecting audible band.
When a signal is sent to a speaker to play a note, the cone vibrates. When the signal stops, the cone is still moving back and forth. and is an electric motor. This movement sends the electrical signal back to the amp, and a highly damped amp will stop the cone sooner.

Amp won't make much difference in damping, since there are already many ohms of the speaker's voice coil in series.  Overall effective damping factor is around df=1.5 at best.