Do NEC codes protect property from *all* hazards - as you have only assumed? Of course not. Codes only protect property from hazards that also threaten human life - such as fire. Appliances can be completely destroyed by other anomalies. NEC says nothing about protecting from those other anomalies. Destroyed appliances that do not threaten human life (ie that do not created a house fire) are ignored by the NEC.
Rather than argue philosophical and broad spectrum concepts, instead learn relevant electrical concepts. OP’s question is clearly about protecting household appliances from surges. Electrical concepts (ignored by NFPA and NEC) such as impedance, counterpoise, equipotenial, and where hundreds of thousands of joules are absorbed - these concepts you also repeatedly ignore. These concepts define protection. Nothing in the NEC discusses these concepts. Because NEC is totally about human protection.
Most critical item for appliance protection is single point earth ground. Earthing that must both **meet** and must **exceed** code requirements. Even measuring earth resistance (to meet human safety requirements) is insufficient.
Protection is always - as in always - about where hundreds of thousands of joules are harmlessly absorbed. A protector is only as effective as its low impedance (ie less than 10 foot) connection to and quality of earth ground. NEC does not discuss any of this: what is essential to protect all household appliances.
Better is to answer the OP’s question by learning well proven concept that you never heard before. Better is to ask questions about how to make earthing exceed what code requires - rather than argue the irrelevant. Defined is how protection was done successfully well over 100 years ago. Better earthing for appliance protection is an ’art’ - that you apparently refuse to learn because the NEC does not discuss it.
Rather than argue philosophical and broad spectrum concepts, instead learn relevant electrical concepts. OP’s question is clearly about protecting household appliances from surges. Electrical concepts (ignored by NFPA and NEC) such as impedance, counterpoise, equipotenial, and where hundreds of thousands of joules are absorbed - these concepts you also repeatedly ignore. These concepts define protection. Nothing in the NEC discusses these concepts. Because NEC is totally about human protection.
Most critical item for appliance protection is single point earth ground. Earthing that must both **meet** and must **exceed** code requirements. Even measuring earth resistance (to meet human safety requirements) is insufficient.
Protection is always - as in always - about where hundreds of thousands of joules are harmlessly absorbed. A protector is only as effective as its low impedance (ie less than 10 foot) connection to and quality of earth ground. NEC does not discuss any of this: what is essential to protect all household appliances.
Better is to answer the OP’s question by learning well proven concept that you never heard before. Better is to ask questions about how to make earthing exceed what code requires - rather than argue the irrelevant. Defined is how protection was done successfully well over 100 years ago. Better earthing for appliance protection is an ’art’ - that you apparently refuse to learn because the NEC does not discuss it.