I can comment on both using a passive preamp and going direct. I used one of the best passives, the Reference Line Preeminence 1, which was superb in my system (and a very significant improvement above the McCormack TLC-1, which I used previously.)
But, when I got a Benchmark DAC1, which has variable out, the improvement going direct to the amp was very nice improvement over going through the passive Reference Line. Most recently, going direct was reconfirmed when I (just last night) connected my tuner (Onkyo Integra T9090II), which has variable out, direct to the amp. Again, the improvement over the Reference Line was significant. So, for me, the passive bested any active preamp, and going direct bested the passive. (Interconnects used were Nordost SPM and Frey.)
But, when I got a Benchmark DAC1, which has variable out, the improvement going direct to the amp was very nice improvement over going through the passive Reference Line. Most recently, going direct was reconfirmed when I (just last night) connected my tuner (Onkyo Integra T9090II), which has variable out, direct to the amp. Again, the improvement over the Reference Line was significant. So, for me, the passive bested any active preamp, and going direct bested the passive. (Interconnects used were Nordost SPM and Frey.)