CD vs FLAC stored on flash drive vs streaming

Most of CDPs operate in real time.  For short scratches along the track (shorter than 4mm) they supply data from error correction.  For 4-8mm they interpolate lost data and above that they lose data (gaps).  Ripping is not real time process.  Computer can read each sector infinite number of times to obtain proper checksum.  I placed the limit of 200 attempts.  Theoretically ripped CDs should sound same or better than original, but for most CDs in decent condition it would be very difficult to hear the difference.  Connection to DAC or preamp is different story.  

It appears that these pictures show physical burn to gold or aluminum layer. CD-Rs have  photosensitive dye - there is no physical burning.  CD-Rs can be written at speeds up to 52x.  Reading at 1x should be fine, otherwise we would have huge problem with data CD-Rs.  Even if lands are not perfect and produce some jitter it goes thru the buffer.  It is possible to output data at exact time intervals, since data stream rate is based on the same crystal clock.

Error in CD reading  can be corrected by going multiple times over the same sector.  CDP cannot do that working in real time (reading only once).  That way CD-R copy can be better than original CD.  I was able to repair couple of unreadable CD by copying them to CD-R.  It took long time (couple of hours for one CD) but got recovered working copies.

It depends how you burn them.  Often people burn CD-Rs at 2x or 4x nor realizing, that laser is too strong at this these speeds.  I might be wrong, but I believe that at the beginning it was just physical burn of metalic layer.  Now, it is only high sensitivity photosensitive dye.  Every CD-R has training track for laser power adjustment, but it has limitations.  Photo dye, that can be written at 52x might be overburned at 2x or 4x, in spite of laser adjustments.   

It all depends on personal experience - I've used Taiyo Yuden CD-Rs with phthalocyanine dye with good results, but he best for me is memory storage - easy to use, good sound quality (with proper connection) and ability to create back-up copy (or multiple copies).

Drawback of SSD is limited number of write cycles. They increased it greatly, but at the same time introduced new architectures, like "quad cell" - where writing to one cell causes writing to four. It is not a big problem (nothing lasts forever) and no problem for music storage. It is perfect application for SSD (constant reading, very little writing).